Adult Age Differences in Dual Information Processes: Implications for the Role of Affective and Deliberative Processes in Older Adults' Decision Making

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Peters ◽  
Thomas M. Hess ◽  
Daniel Västfjäll ◽  
Corinne Auman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Information Processes ◽  
Adult Age Differences ◽  
Deliberative Processes

scholarly journals Adult age differences in subjective responses to dynamic socioemotional incentives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sade J Abiodun ◽  
Galen McAllister ◽  
Gregory Russell Samanez-Larkin ◽  
Kendra Leigh Seaman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adult Age Differences

Facial expressions are powerful communicative social signals that motivate feelings and action in the observer. However, research on incentive motivation has overwhelmingly focused on money and points and the limited research on social incentives has been mostly focused on responses in young adulthood. Previous research on the age-related positivity effect and adult age differences in social motivation suggest that older adults might experience higher levels of positive arousal to socioemotional stimuli than younger adults. Affect ratings following dynamic emotional expressions (anger, happiness, sadness) varying in magnitude of expression showed that higher magnitude expressions elicited higher arousal and valence ratings. Older adults did not differ significantly in levels of arousal when compared to younger adults, however their ratings of emotional valence were significantly higher as the magnitude of expressions increased. The findings provide novel evidence that socioemotional incentives may be relatively more reinforcing as adults age. More generally, these dynamic socioemotional stimuli that vary in magnitude are ideal for future studies of more naturalistic affect elicitation, studies of social incentive processing, and use in incentive-driven choice tasks.

Adult Age Differences in Health-Related Decision-Making: A Primer

2016 ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna E. Löckenhoff ◽  
Chu Hsiao ◽  
Julia Kim ◽  
Katya Swarts
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Adult Age Differences

Influence of Experience on Age Differences in Cognitive Functioning

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Salthouse
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adult Age Differences ◽  
Potential Moderator

To the extent that adult age differences in measures of cognitive performance have implications for functioning outside the psychological laboratory, the question of the role of experience as a potential moderator of these differences becomes extremely important. Three categories of research relevant to this issue are reviewed, and methodological limitations of each type of research are discussed. Although it is frequently asserted that experience minimizes cognitive differences associated with aging, the evidence currently available does not appear consistent with a strong experiential moderation of age-related effects in cognitive performance. However, the paucity of relevant studies and the methodological weaknesses of those that do exist preclude a definitive conclusion at the present time. Additional research with improved methodology is necessary before strong conclusions can be reached concerning effects of experience on age differences in cognition.

Understanding Adult Age Differences in the Frequency of Problems With Friends

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179
Author(s):  
Leo Schlosnagle ◽  
JoNell Strough
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Friendship Quality ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Adult Age Differences ◽  
Significant Mediator

We investigated characteristics of younger and older adults’ friendships. Younger ( N = 39) and older ( N = 39) adults completed measures pertaining to a specific friend they had (i.e., contact frequency, positive friendship quality, and negative friendship quality) and their frequency of problems with friends in general. Older adults reported fewer problems with friends in general, and fewer negative friendship qualities, less frequent contact, and more positive friendship qualities with a specific friend than younger adults. Contact frequency, positive friendship quality, and negative friendship quality with a specific friend were related to frequency of problems with friends in general, but only contact frequency was a significant mediator of the relation between age and frequency of problems with friends in general. Results show that characteristics of a specific friendship relate to problems with friends in general, and that contact frequency with a specific friend mediates the relation between age and problems with friends in general. Implications are discussed.

Age Differences in Complex Decision Making and Judgment

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-233
Author(s):  
Klara Rydzewska ◽  
Maciej Koscielniak ◽  
Bettina von Helversen ◽  
Grzegorz Sedek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
And Performance

This chapter discusses age differences in complex decision making and judgment, particularly the role of motivational factors and individual differences. Literature on the influence of age-related changes in cognition and motivation on search and performance in complex decision making is reviewed. The role of financial incentives, need for cognition, and need for cognitive closure is discussed, including the age-related influence of motivational factors on the performance of sequential decision-making tasks. Additionally, the role of feedback as a factor producing superior performance of older adults in a decision-making task is introduced. Moreover, novel research findings regarding connections between intellectual helplessness and information and communication technologies in older adults are presented. Lastly, individual differences in numeracy and intellectual helplessness in mathematics as predictors of age-related differences in performance of multiattribute tasks are described.

Explaining adult age differences in decision-making competence

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wändi Bruine de Bruin ◽  
Andrew M. Parker ◽  
Baruch Fischhoff
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Age Differences
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