Seeing What to Do: Affective Perception and Rational Motivation

dialectica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine A. Döring
Keyword(s):  
Affective Perception ◽  
Rational Motivation

Shame and Honor: Aristotle’s Thumos as a Basic Desire

Apeiron ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95
Author(s):  
Victor Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Social Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Exemplars ◽  
Virtuous Agent ◽  
Rational Desire ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Rational Motivation

Abstract One of three basic types of desire, claims Aristotle, is thumos (‘spirit,’ ‘passion,’ ‘heart,’ ‘anger,’ ‘impulse’). The other two are epithumia (‘appetite’) and boulêsis (‘wish,’ ‘rational desire’). Yet, he never gives us an account of thumos; it has also received relatively little scholarly attention. I argue that thumos has two key features. First, it is able to cognize what I call ‘social value,’ the agent’s own perceived standing relative to others in a certain domain. In human animals, shame and honor are especially important manifestations of social value. Second, thumos provides non-rational motivation to pursue what affirms the agent’s social value and avoid what denies it. Interpretations that hold thumos just is anger, or that its object is the fine (kalon), I argue, are mistaken. My account also explains the role of thumos in moral education. In a virtuous agent thumos will be affectively attuned to the correct social rankings; it will take the practically wise, the lovers of the fine, or moral exemplars, as authorities.

Affective perception and imagery: A NIRS study

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Köchel ◽  
Michael M. Plichta ◽  
Axel Schäfer ◽  
Verena Leutgeb ◽  
Wilfried Scharmüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Perception

scholarly journals Sound for Thought: Listening as Metabolism

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vincenzo Butera
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Affective Perception ◽  
History Of

The metaphor of metabolism, in its permeating and incorporative senses, can extend fruitfully beyond digestion. Here, I consider it as analogous to the phenomenological process of audition. Neither static nor disaffected in a state of abstract rationality, but necessarily implicated in the objects and contexts of listening, the auditor ingests, accepts, disseminates, and expulses sound. Through this, we might see the beginnings of a phenomenological vocabulary which is based in incorporative perceptual subjectivity (not universal aesthetics) and the inimitable character of audition (thus not primarily visualistic). Beyond the construction of an organic auditory phenomenology, the analogy of metabolism and audition suggests a reciprocal correspondence between the listening subject and the world within which sounds are manifested. Furthermore, these metaphors speak to a specific history of philosophical discourse concerning issues of temporal subjectivity, oral othering, and affective perception. 

Peripersonal space

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont ◽  
Andrea Serino ◽  
Hong Yu Wong ◽  
Alessandro Farnè
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Impact Prediction ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Affective Perception ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

Research in cognitive neuroscience indicates that we process the space surrounding our body in a specific way, both for protecting our body from immediate danger and for interacting with the environment. This research has direct implications for philosophical issues as diverse as self-location, sensorimotor theories of perception, and affective perception. This chapter briefly describes the overall directions that some of these discussions might take. But, beforehand, it is important to fully grasp what the notion of peripersonal space involves. One of the most difficult questions that the field has had to face these past 30 years is to define peripersonal space. Although it bears some relations to the social notion of personal space, to the sensorimotor notion of reaching space and to the spatial notion of egocentric space, there is something unique about peripersonal space and the special way we represent it. One of the main challenges is thus to offer a satisfactory definition of peripersonal space that is specific enough to account for its peculiar spatial, multisensory, plastic, and motor properties. Emphasis can be put on perception or on action, but also on impact prediction or defence preparation. However, each new definition brings with it new methods to experimentally investigate peripersonal space. There is then the risk of losing the unity of the notion of peripersonal space within this multiplicity of conceptions and methods. This chapter offers an overview of the key notions in the field, the way they have been operationalized, and the questions they leave open.

The Irreducible Importance of Religious Hope in Kant's Conception of the Highest Good

Philosophy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Insole
Keyword(s):  
Medieval Theology ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Highest Good ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Summum Bonum ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Rational Motivation

AbstractKant is clear that the concept of the ‘highest good’ involves both a demand, that we follow the moral law, as well as a promise, that happiness will be the outcome of being moral. The latter element of the highest good has troubled commentators, who tend to find it metaphysically extravagant, involving, as it does, belief in God and an afterlife. Furthermore, it seems to threaten the moral purity that Kant demands: that we obey the moral law for its own sake, not out of interest in the consequences. Those commentators brave enough to tackle the issue look to the concept of the highest good either to add content to the moral law (Silber), or to provide rational motivation, in a way that does not violate moral purity (Beiser and Wood). I argue that such interpretations, although they may be plausible reconstructions, are unable to account for certain conceptual and textual problems. By placing Kant's thought against the background of medieval theology, I argue that the hope for the summum bonum is irreducibly important for Kant, even where its function is not that of providing the content or motivational force of the moral law. Kant is not only concerned with the shape of our duties and motivations, but the shape of the universe within which these emerge.

Rational Motivation

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilliard Aronovitch
Keyword(s):  
Rational Motivation

Action valence and affective perception

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Gerbino ◽  
Carlo Fantoni
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Perceptual Theory ◽  
Target Emotion ◽  
Affective Perception ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
Bold Claim

AbstractRespecting all constraints proposed by Firestone & Scholl (F&S), we have shown that perceived facial expressions of emotion depend on the congruency between bodily action (comfort/discomfort) and target emotion (happiness/anger) valence. Our studies challenge any bold claim against penetrability of perception and suggest that perceptual theory can benefit from demonstrations of how – under controlled circumstances – observer's states can mold expressive qualities.

A multi-process account of startle modulation during affective perception

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Bradley ◽  
Maurizio Codispoti ◽  
Peter J. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Affective Perception ◽  
Startle Modulation
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