Network infrastructure in the present-day realities

The development of digital technologies, the transformation of the Internet into a “communication medium” leads to the formation of a network society with the large-scale development of network culture and the invasion of network business and network forms of education. Replacement of the face-to-face contact by the network communication, destruction of personal space, openness of personal life, its “inclusion in the network”, simultaneous possibility of anonymity, protection and irresponsibility of users become a reality of modern life. Network systems are becoming the basic infrastructure of modern society.

Social Distancing with the Optimal Steps Model

With the Covid-19 pandemic, an urgent need has arisen to simulate social distancing. The Optimal Steps Model (OSM) is a pedestrian locomotion model that operationalizes an individual's need for personal space. We present new parameter values for personal space in the OSM to simulate social distancing in the pedestrian dynamics simulator Vadere. Our approach is pragmatic. We consider two use cases: in the first, we demand that a set social distance must never be violated. In the second the social distance can be violated temporarily for less than 10s. For each use case we conduct simulation studies in a typical bottleneck scenario and measure contact times, that is, violations of the social distance rule.We conduct regression analysis to assess how the parameter choice depends on the desired social distance and the corridor width. We find that evacuation time increases linearly with the width of the repulsion potential, which is an analogy to physics modeling the strength of the need for personal space. The evacuation time decreases linearly with larger corridor width. The influence of the corridor width on the evacuation time is smaller than the influence of the range of the repulsion, that is, the need for personal space. If the repulsion is too strong, we observe clogging effects. Our regression formulas enable Vadere users to conduct their own studies without understanding the intricacies of the OSM implementation and without extensive parameter adjustment.

Association of Chronic Low Back Pain With Personal Space Regulation

Background: While most previous studies regarding patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) mainly focused on pain, disability, psychological damage, and intervention measures, the effect of CLBP on personal space remains unclear. The study aimed to assess the personal space of patients with CLBP and healthy controls, explored the differences between the two groups, and examined whether pain, dysfunction, anxiety, and depression affected the personal space regulation.Methods: The cross-sectional study recruited 24 patients with CLBP and 24 healthy controls at Shanghai Shangti Orthopedic Hospital and Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China, from December 2018 to January 2019. A stop-distance paradigm was applied to measure the comfortable and uncomfortable distance under four conditions. A self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and a self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to examine the anxiety and depression levels of all participants. The pain intensity and dysfunction in the CLBP group were evaluated by the numeric rating scale and Roland-Morris questionnaire (RMDQ), respectively.Results: When approaching another individual or when being approached, the interpersonal distance under all the conditions in the CLBP group significantly differed from that in the healthy control group with larger space distances (p < 0.01). Gender had a significant main effect on the regulation of personal space in patients with CLBP (p < 0.05). The average pain intensity, scores on RMDQ, SAS, and SDS had a significant positive correlation with the interpersonal distance under the Same or Opposite Gender condition (p < 0.05).Conclusion: People with CLBP show an atypical personal space behavior and indeed have a greater interpersonal distance to strangers. The higher the pain intensity, dysfunction, anxiety, and depression, the greater the interpersonal distance in patients with CLBP. In the future, the effect and underlying neural mechanisms of pain and negative emotions on social withdrawal in patients should be examined.

The Short-Term Retention of Depth

We review research on the visual working memory for information portrayed by items arranged in depth (i.e., distance to the observer) within peri-personal space. Most items lose their metric depths within half a second, even though their identities and spatial positions are retained. The paradoxical loss of depth information may arise because visual working memory retains the depth of a single object for the purpose of actions such as pointing or grasping which usually apply to only one thing at a time.

TERRITORIALITY IN TOURISM KAMPUNG ALLEY AS A SHARED PUBLIC SPACE

Kampung alley is a street network that perceived as a social space due to its function for community. One problematic thing that occur in tourism kampung alley is a significant change from activities taken place in the alley that have commercial-tourism functions and open for public. This change leads to the requirement of kampung alley to have high accessibility and openness to outsider. In this term, it will change the territoriality pattern as well as its meaning for residents. Territoriality is one kind of environmental behavior study about spatial usage of built environment. Territoriality has strong engagement with cultural and social context. This paper analyze that there are some changes and ambiguity of territoriality in the context of tourism kampung. Some personal and private activities have occur in the alley that are considered as a public space. This additional personal space is due to the lack of housing unit space. Strong bind of neighborhood connection is also taking a role so the residents can freely use alley for their personal need.Abstrak: Gang kampung merupakan jaringan jalan yang dipersepsikan sebagai ruang sosial oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di dalamnya. Salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi pada gang kampung wisata adalah adanya perubahan aktifitas yang signifikan dan memiliki fungsi komersial sebagai area pariwisata yang terbuka untuk umum. Perubahan ini menyebabkan gang kampung harus memiliki keterbukaan dan aksesibilitas tinggi terhadap pihak luar. Hal ini akan mengubah pola teritorialitas serta makna gang kampung bagi warganya. Teritori adalah salah satu jenis kajian perilaku lingkungan tentang pemanfaatan ruang lingkungan binaan. Teritori memiliki keterikatan yang kuat dengan konteks budaya dan sosial. Makalah ini menganalisis terdapat beberapa perubahan dan ambiguitas teritori dalam konteks kampung pariwisata. Beberapa aktivitas pribadi dan privat dapat terjadi di gang yang dianggap sebagai ruang publik. Tambahan personal space ini disebabkan keterbatasan ruang rumah kampung. Ikatan yang kuat antar tetangga juga turut berperan agar warga bisa leluasa menggunakan gang untuk kebutuhan pribadinya.

Online Gerontology Courses: Issues of Equity

The COVID-19 Pandemic changed higher education in several significant ways. The most significant impact was on methods of course delivery. In March 2020, all educational institutions changed their methods of instruction to fully online instruction. It happened almost overnight and left the students as well as the instructors unprepared for the unanticipated metamorphosis . The sudden and unanticipated change in the method of instruction and delivery of course contents also highlighted issues of equity. There appeared to be high levels of inequity in the use of technology across school and college campuses. A survey of students conducted by the author at the University of Louisiana at Monroe revealed different types of inequity such as, lack of finances to buy equipment, lack of training in the use of technology, and lack of personal space to study from home. A significant percentage of student population at ULM consists of first-generation college students. These students were impacted the most by the new methods of course delivery. Additionally, the author looked up similar surveys at other educational institutions and conducted a meta-analysis of published studies. This paper presents these findings.