Peripersonal space

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont ◽  
Andrea Serino ◽  
Hong Yu Wong ◽  
Alessandro Farnè
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Impact Prediction ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Affective Perception ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

Research in cognitive neuroscience indicates that we process the space surrounding our body in a specific way, both for protecting our body from immediate danger and for interacting with the environment. This research has direct implications for philosophical issues as diverse as self-location, sensorimotor theories of perception, and affective perception. This chapter briefly describes the overall directions that some of these discussions might take. But, beforehand, it is important to fully grasp what the notion of peripersonal space involves. One of the most difficult questions that the field has had to face these past 30 years is to define peripersonal space. Although it bears some relations to the social notion of personal space, to the sensorimotor notion of reaching space and to the spatial notion of egocentric space, there is something unique about peripersonal space and the special way we represent it. One of the main challenges is thus to offer a satisfactory definition of peripersonal space that is specific enough to account for its peculiar spatial, multisensory, plastic, and motor properties. Emphasis can be put on perception or on action, but also on impact prediction or defence preparation. However, each new definition brings with it new methods to experimentally investigate peripersonal space. There is then the risk of losing the unity of the notion of peripersonal space within this multiplicity of conceptions and methods. This chapter offers an overview of the key notions in the field, the way they have been operationalized, and the questions they leave open.

scholarly journals The service of N. F. Annensky in the zemstvo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Lyovin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The Way

Zemstvo officials occupied a prominent place in the social life of Russia in the post-reform period. Many of them participated in the populist movement in the 1870s, but for various reasons they left it and devoted themselves entirely to the zemstvo service, the reby obtaining the opportunity to legally study the way of life, culture, labour activities of peasants and to defend their interests before the landlords, gubernia and uyezd administrations. N. F. Annensky was one of these devotees. The paper attempts to consider his activities as the head of the zemstvo statistical departments (bureaus) of the Kazan and Nizhny Novgorod gubernias. On the basis of the analysis of diverse archival and published sources the author came to the conclusion that while in the zemstvo service N. F. Annensky made a significant contribution to the development of Russian statistics creating new methods of statistical research by combining assessment and soil work. His experience was fruitfully used by statisticians from other gubernias. N. F. Annensky can rightfully be considered one of zemstvo statistical luminaries.

Structural Explanation: Garfinkelian Themes

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-136
Author(s):  
Bradford Skow
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Causal Explanation ◽  
Structural Explanation ◽  
Good Definition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

This chapter proposes a new definition of “structural explanation.” The definition says that something is a structural explanation iff it (i) is an answer to a question of the form “why did such-and-such have a certain effect?” that (ii) cites a structural fact. On this definition structures don’t explain in the way that causes do, but instead in the way that background conditions do. This definition is not meant to compete with other definitions. Another good definition says that a structural explanation is a causal explanation that cites a structure as a cause. The new definition is needed because many examples of explanations in the social sciences that seem, intuitively, to be structural explanations meet the new definition but not the old one. The new definition is developed by examining some claims about structural explanation Alan Garfinkel makes in his book Forms of Explanation.

The cultural construction of Italy in Albania and vice versa: migration dynamics, strategies of resistance and politics of mutual self-definition across colonialism and post-colonialism

Modern Italy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Mai
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

SummaryThis article analyses the shifting ways in which Italy has been strategically represented in Albania during the different key passages of the latter's relatively recent history as a sovereign independent state. As a parallel narrative, the article also examines the way Albania has been equally strategically represented in Italy before and during the two periods in which Italy has been militarily involved in Albania, and the way this has been consistent with an attempt to elaborate and sustain a politically strategic definition of Italian identity and culture. The history of the asymmetrical relationship between Albania and Italy is deeply embedded in the social, cultural and political environments that are on the two shores of the Adriatic Sea. The cultural construction of Albania in Italy and vice versa of Italy in Albania should be linked to seemingly independent instances of domestic reforms. The dynamics of projective identification or dis-identification stemming from these instances should be seen as intertwined within two parallel processes of mutual definition encompassing both the colonial and the postcolonial relations between and within the two countries.

Spatio-temporal Perception and Boundaries of Self: Evaluation of Peripersonal Space in Schizotypy Traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S162-S163
Author(s):  
G. Di Cosmo ◽  
F. Fiori ◽  
F. Ferri ◽  
A. Salone ◽  
M. Corbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Space ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Interactive Behavior ◽  
Accurate Judgment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe peripersonal space is described as that area within the boundary between self and non-self. An accurate judgment of peripersonal space boundaries may depend on the capacity to create an organized and structured mental representation that integrates signals from different sensory modalities and brain regions. Empirical evidence suggests that these functions are altered in schizotypy, which is thought to reflect the subclinical expression of the symptoms of schizophrenia in the general population. A number of clinical studies reported that interpersonal interaction and social stimulation have an impact on the onset and progress of schizophrenia.ObjectivesWe conducted a study on personal space in a sample of student screened for schizotypal traits using a paradigm that was not affected by emotional and social interference.AimsThe aim was to evaluate the relationship between personal space and schizotypy traits.MethodsThirty-four subject recruited for the study completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). According to the SPQ results participants were splitted into two groups (High, Low). Each participant performed a PeriPersonal Space (PPS) task.ResultsOur results show a more extended boundary of the peripersonal space in people with high schizotypy compared to people with low schizotypy even without emotional and social interference.ConclusionsPeople with high traits of schizotypy suffer from a difficulty in social integration because of being unable to adapt the social behavior. A better understanding of the mechanisms for abnormal interactive behavior could provide significant valid guidelines for innovating insertion programs that aims to improve social functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Karl Barth’s definition of church in politics and culture: Growth points for the church in South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessel Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
The State ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Question ◽  
Relationship History ◽  
Culture Growth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

The article describes briefly Karl Barth’s views on church, its role in politics and how it relates to culture. This is done by identifying the way in which the church participates in the social realm through its relationship with the State. The historic religious question asks whether there is a natural mutual-determining relationship between church and State. The church may ask whether faith and politics should mix, while a secular state may question the authority which the church claims to speak from. To a large extent culture determ-ines the bias in this relationship. History has shown that church-State dynamics is not an either/or relationship, whereby either the authority of the church or the authority of the State should function as the ruling norm. Karl Barth describes the dynamics of this relationship very well, within the context of culture, in the way his faith engages with the political status quo. Once the relationship is better understood, Barth’s definition of the church will prove to be more effective in its evangelical voice, speaking to those who guide its citizens through political power. “Fürchtet Gott, ehret den König!” (1 Pt 2:17)

scholarly journals The coronavirus pandemic's socio-psychological paradox

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 16014
Author(s):  
Larisa Litvinova ◽  
Atsamaz Kaloyev ◽  
Lyubov' Gubareva ◽  
Emma Abakarova
Keyword(s):  
Social Factor ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
External Threat ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Psychosocial Situation

The multifaceted nature of the new socio-psychological stressors encountered during the period of isolation make this investigation necessary. The aim of this research is to discover the expression of the social factor and its effect on the level of children’s communication within the family. The coronavirus pandemic has forced much of the planet's population to go into self-isolation, which for the overwhelming majority means staying with their families, who are experiencing the same state of fear. In the coronavirus pandemic the modern, globalised world has gathered all three (biological, social, existential) in one. This results in a paradoxical psychosocial situation in which a person needs space in order to formulate new defensive mechanisms, yet has to share that space with family members. The external threat, the coronavirus pandemic, is complemented by the psychological threat posed by the family – a double threat which places at risk not only physical health, but also psychological state, which requires “ecology of communication”. The levels of social and psychological fear depend on freedom of movement, territorial limits, the ability to choose to communicate or not (“contact hygiene”), levels of trust within the family, types of interaction between all family members regardless of age, and the definition of personal space.

Definitions of Religion: A Matter of Taste?

Horizons ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Science Discourse ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of Religion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

AbstractAs theologians are increasingly employing the social sciences in their work, it is incumbent upon them to examine the way the term religion is employed in these disciplines. This paper explains the common types of definition employed (the substantive and functional varieties) and critiques each from the perspective of contemporary theology. Both are found deficient in ways highly significant for theologians. This paper argues that it is inappropriate to attempt to establish any single definition of religion as normative. While the posture adopted appears to lay to rest any attempt to generate “grand theory” about religion it is not inconsistent with the canons of science as understood in current philosophy of science discourse.

scholarly journals Mimesis & Cie – The (un)walled man

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Jungers
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
New Man ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Human Awareness ◽  
The Way ◽  
Modern Movement

From the Borromean knotting of concepts world, scene and obscene which represent the material, symbolic and mythological dimensions of our environment, the article explains the process of civilization at work in our societies. In our view, this process characterized itself by the obscene placing – to put behind the scene, in French mise obscène – of an important part of our environment. It is specific to the social animal that is the human being. When he stands on the scene, he always hides a part of his condition. The one he is ashamed because it places him in front of the ontological void that constitutes him.The modern movement radicalized this process by elevating the obscene placing up to a principle. This principle constitutes, in our opinion, a denial of together : the complexity of the human being, the fragility of his environment and the specificity of his condition. However, it was the way, followed by the moderns, to hide themselves the ontological void which they were nevertheless constituted. As a result appears a new man, a man without condition which, surrounded by the comforting decor of the scene, has lost the consciousness of both, its constitutive frailty (body and environment) and the destructive nature of its own way of life. If one refers to scientific forecasts, he now runs blindly towards an imminent ecological drama that could end with nothing other than the inhabitability of his own planet.This opens a double urgency: first, to identify and understand the devices at work in the process of obscene placing and subsequently, to reflect on how to change them. It being understood that human awareness would impact its behavior and, thus, would influence the catastrophic projections of our scientists.According to our interpretation of the Lacanian definition of primitive architecture, it can be considered as one of those devices because it allows the man to isolate the obscene from thescene (Jungers 2015). Hence, we hypothesize, to open what follows, that the plausibility of the mimesis is related to the mimetic power of architecture. Mimesis and mimetic would, therefore, be two sides of the same coin. Mimesis is ideational. It traditionally regulates the imitative arts in the way nature has to be represented. Mimetic is material. It allows some animals to survive in this nature by using, according to Roger Caillois, three strategies: intimidation, transvestism and camouflage.To clarify the links between mimesis and mimetic, we will draw hereafter, the contours of this particular animal that is the man, at the same time, talking, symbolic and social animal. On the way we will approach the issues of mimesis and mimetic which will allow us to conclude by pointing three devices used by architecture to hide the obscene: the wall (hiding), the type(meaning) and the parergon (sublimation). These three devices enable the human being not only to hide from himself the obscene, but more than that, to hide from himself that architecture which itself hides.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

Pedagang Kaki Lima, Profil Entrepreneurship Sejati, Pelaku Ekonomi Kerakyatan, Ciptakan Jiwa Kewirausahaan Mandiri

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Agus Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article is motivated by the fact that the existence of the Street Vendor (PKL) profession is a manifestation of the difficulty of work and the lack of jobs. The scarcity of employment due to the consideration of the number of jobs with unbalanced workforce, economically this has an impact on the number of street vendors (PKL) exploding ... The purpose of being a street vendor is, as a livelihood, making a living, looking for a bite of rice for family, because of the lack of employment, this caused the number of traders to increase. The scarcity of jobs, causes informal sector migration job seekers to create an independent spirit, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship, with capital, managed by traders who are true populist economic actors. The problems in street vendors are: (1) how to organize, regulate, empower street vendors in the cities (2) how to foster, educate street vendors, and (3) how to help, find capital for street vendors (4) ) how to describe grief as a Five-Foot Trader. This paper aims to find a solution to the problem of street vendors, so that cases of conflict, cases of disputes, clashes of street vendors with Satpol PP can be avoided. For this reason, the following solutions must be sought: (1) understanding the causes of the explosions of street vendors (2) understanding the problems of street vendors. (3) what is the solution to solving street vendors in big cities. (4) describe Street Vendors as actors of the people's economy. This article is qualitative research, the social paradigm is the definition of social, the method of retrieving observational data, in-depth interviews, documentation. Data analysis uses Interactive Miles and Huberman theory, with stages, Collection Data, Display Data, Data Reduction and Vervying or conclusions.

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