An assessment of the impact of floodplain woodland on flood flows

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Thomas ◽  
T. R. Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 06024
Author(s):  
Arnaud Belleville ◽  
Alexandre Hauet ◽  
Amélie Tacnet ◽  
Damien Sevrez

Rating curves used to calculate discharge from water level must be extrapolated beyond the range of measured discharges, due to the difficulty of measuring flood discharge. This induces large uncertainties and the flood discharge series can be unreliable. This paper presents a methodology to update and correct historical flood flows, so as to propose homogeneous and less biased data. The benefit of using hydraulic modeling is discussed. This methodology is applied to a large sample of hydrometric stations of the EDF (Electricité De France) network, and the impact on peak flows deviations is analyzed.


2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1192-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. FitzHugh ◽  
Richard M. Vogel

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1114
Author(s):  
Camila Coelho Welerson ◽  
Benedito Cláudio Da Silva

Um dos grandes problemas enfrentados pelos gestores municipais são as inundações urbanas, resultantes de fenômenos hidrológicos extremos somados à falta de planejamento (ou má execução) do sistema de drenagem. Dentre os diversos fatores relacionados à ocorrência de inundações, um dos mais preocupantes é o uso e ocupação do solo das bacias hidrográficas sem um planejamento prévio, que advém do crescimento da população urbana. De modo a mitigar este problema, dentre as medidas estruturais usuais de controle do escoamento superficial destaca-se o reservatório de detenção pela sua efetividade no amortecimento de ondas de cheia. Dessa forma, buscou-se avaliar o impacto do crescimento urbano em uma microbacia urbana do município de Itajubá, Minas Gerais, na geração de vazões de cheia. Para tanto, foram simuladas as respostas da bacia para três cenários de uso e ocupação do solo utilizando-se o software HEC-HMS e, por fim, foi dimensionado um reservatório a jusante da bacia de forma a atenuar as vazões de cheia. Os resultados das simulações apontaram para uma influência significativa do crescimento urbano nos hidrogramas de cheia, uma vez que quanto maior a impermeabilização do solo, maiores os valores do escoamento superficial. Além disso, o reservatório para a condição mais crítica de ocupação do solo apresentou os maiores valores de dimensionamento, o que significa maiores gastos financeiros para sua execução. Isso, portanto, justifica a necessidade de um planejamento prévio de ocupação por parte da gestão municipal a fim de se evitar futuros gastos extras com medidas mitigadoras de inundação.   Analysis of the impact of urban growth on a micro watershed in the Itajubá/MG county A B S T R A C TOne of the major problems faced by municipal managers is urban flooding, resulting from extreme hydrological phenomena coupled with the lack of planning (or poor execution) of the drainage system. Among the several factors related to the occurrence of floods, one of the most worrying is the use and occupation of the soil of the river basins without prior planning, which comes from the growth of the urban population. In order to mitigate this problem, among the usual structural measures of control of the surface runoff stands out the retention reservoir for its effectiveness in flood damping. In this way, we tried to evaluate the impact of urban growth in a micro urban basin of the municipality of Itajubá, Minas Gerais, in the generation of flood flows. In order to do so, the basin responses were simulated for three scenarios of land use and occupation using the HEC-HMS software, and finally, a reservoir was designed downstream of the basin in order to attenuate flood flows. The results of the simulations pointed to a significant influence of urban growth on flood hydrographs, since the higher the waterproofing of the soil, the greater the surface runoff values. In addition, the reservoir for the most critical condition of soil occupation had the highest values of design, which means higher financial expenses for its execution. This, therefore, justifies the necessity of a previous planning of occupation by the municipal management in order to avoid future extra expenses with measures that mitigates flood.Keywords: hydrological simulation, HEC-HMS, flood hydrographs.


2012 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eisner ◽  
F. Voss ◽  
E. Kynast

Abstract. General circulation models (GCMs) project an increasing frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events due to global climate change. This rather holds true for regions that are even expected to experience an overall decrease in average annual precipitation. Consequently, this may be attended by an increasing frequency and magnitude of flood events. However, time series of GCMs show a bias in simulating 20th century precipitation and temperature fields and, therefore, cannot directly be used to force hydrological models in order to assess the impact of the projected climate change on certain components of the hydrological cycle. For a posteriori correction, the so-called delta change approach is widely-used which adds the 30-year monthly differences for temperature or ratios for precipitation of the GCM data to each month of a historic climate data set. As the variability of the climate variables in the scenario period is not transferred, this approach is especially questionable if discharge extremes are to be analyzed. In order to preserve the variability given by the GCM, methods of statistical bias correction are applied. This study aims to investigate the impact of two methods of bias correction, the delta change approach and a statistical bias correction, on the large scale modeling of flood discharges, using the example of 25 macroscale catchments in Europe. The discharge simulation is carried out with the global integrated model WaterGAP3 (Water – Global Assessment and Prognosis). Results show that the two bias correction methods lead to distinctively different trends in future flood flows.


1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.


1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.


1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.


1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.


1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.


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