Dehydration-Induced Reductions in Total Blood Volume and in Pulmonary Blood Volume in Rats

1972 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Aarseth ◽  
D. Klug
1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 353-379
Author(s):  
Jacques Lammerant ◽  
Norman Veall ◽  
Michel De Visscher

Summary1. The technique for the measurement of cardiac output by external recording of the intracardiac flow of 131I labelled human serum albumin has been extended to provide a measure of the mean circulation time from right to left heart and hence a new approach to the estimation of the pulmonary blood volume.2. Values for the basal cardiac output in normal subjects and its variations with age are in good agreement with the previously published data of other workers.3. The pulmonary blood volume in normal man in the basal state was found to be 28.2 ± 0.6% of the total blood volume.4. There was no correlation between cardiac output and pulmonary blood volume in a series of normal subjects in the basal state.5. The increase in cardiac output during digestion was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 6.3 ± 1.2% of the total blood volume, that is, about 280 ml.6. The increase in cardiac output during exercise was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 4.5 ± 1.0% of the total blood volume, that is, about 200 ml.7. The increase in cardiac output attributed to alarm is not associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume, the latter may in fact be increased.8. The total blood volume is advocated as a standard of reference for studies of this type in normal subjects in preference to body weight or surface area.9. The significance of these results and the validity of the method are discussed.


1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Valtin ◽  
I. D. Wilson ◽  
S. M. Tenney

Co2 diuresis is probably mediated via a nonosmotic influence on the supraopticohypophyseal system. Since the left atrial stretch receptor mechanism is one such nonosmotic system which Co2 might influence, experiments were designed to elucidate its role. It was found that Co2 diuresis may be abolished by the erect posture or by applying tourniquets high on the thighs while supine, and that it may be restored by standing in a tank of water or by mild exercise. Increases in plasma volume, total blood volume, or pulmonary blood volume, which conceivably might stretch the left atrium, did not occur during Co2 diuresis. Voluntary hyperventilation mimicking that which accompanies Co2 inhalation resulted in a much smaller diuresis and one which, unlike that of Co2, was accompanied by increased sodium excretion. Maintaining normal alveolar Co2 tension during voluntary hyperventilation by simultaneous inhalation of 2% Co2 in no way altered this result. Bilateral vagus section does not abolish Co2 diuresis, but may enhance it. It is concluded, therefore, that the left atrial stretch receptor mechanism is not the afferent system for Co2 diuresis. Submitted on January 26, 1959


1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Humer ◽  
P. T. Phang ◽  
B. P. Friesen ◽  
M. F. Allard ◽  
C. M. Goddard ◽  
...  

We tested the hypothesis that endotoxin increases the heterogeneity of gut capillary transit times and impairs oxygen extraction. The gut critical oxygen extraction ratio was determined by measuring multiple oxygen delivery-consumption points during progressive phlebotomy in eight control and eight endotoxin-infused anesthetized pigs. In multiple 1- to 2-g samples of small bowel, we measured blood volume (radiolabeled red blood cells) and flow (radiolabeled 15-microns microspheres) before and after critical oxygen extraction. Red blood cell transit time (= volume/flow) multiplied by morphologically determined capillary/total blood volume gave capillary transit time. During hemorrhage, capillary/total blood volume did not change in the endotoxin group (0.5 +/- 4.5%) but increased in the control group (17.6 +/- 2.5%; P < 0.05) due to a decrease in total gut blood volume. Flow decreased significantly in the endotoxin group (36 +/- 10%; P < 0.05) but not in the control group (12 +/- 10%). Capillary transit-time heterogeneity increased in the endotoxin group (12.3 +/- 4.9%) compared with the control group (-5.8 +/- 7.4%; P < 0.05), predicting a critical oxygen extraction ratio 0.14 lower in the endotoxin group than in the control group (K. R. Walley. J. Appl. Physiol. 81: 885–894, 1996). This matches the measured difference (endotoxin group, 0.60 +/- 0.04; control group, 0.74 +/- 0.03; P < 0.05). Increased heterogeneity of capillary transit times may be an important cause of impaired oxygen extraction.


2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Ribeiro Peixoto ◽  
José Jurberg

Rhodnius stali Lent, Jurberg & Galvão vetor da Doença de Chagas domiciliado na região do Alto Beni, Bolívia é uma espécie com a biologia pouco conhecida. Com o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento acerca de sua biologia, observamos parâmetros de seu ciclo de vida, nos estádios de ninfa, comparando-os com Rhodnius pictipes Stål, espécie morfologicamente semelhante e filogeneticamente próxima. Os seguintes parâmetros foram observados: tempo de eclosão dos ovos, ciclo biológico de ovo-adulto (em machos e fêmeas separadamente), taxa de mortalidade, idade do primeiro repasto sanguíneo e volume de sangue ingerido pelas ninfas. De maneira geral observou-se que as R. stali tem um ciclo de vida mais longo do que R. pictipes e, em ambas espécies, o tempo entre a eclosão do ovo até a fase adulta é menor em fêmeas. Curiosamente para R. stali, que é sabidamente capaz de colonizar domicílios, foi observada uma taxa de mortalidade das ninfas mais alta que em R. pictipes, algo inesperado para a espécie que coloniza estruturas artificiais e foi observada em ambiente artificial. Para R. stali, o primeiro repasto sanguíneo ocorreu, em média, quatro dias mais tarde do que em R. pictipes, espécie que ingeriu um volume total de sangue maior, possivelmente pelo fato de seu corpo ser maior. Conhecendo-se com profundidade os aspectos biológicos dessas espécies será possível direcionar o controle vetorial com mais precisão, principalmente em regiões onde colonizam casas, como no Alto Beni, Bolívia. Biology of Rhodnius stali Lent, Jurberg & Galvão and Rhodnius pictipes Stål (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatiminae) in Laboratory Conditions Abstract. Rhodnius stali Lent, Jurberg & Galvão is a Chagas Disease vector that colonize houses in the Alto Beni region, Bolivia and its biology is poorly known. Aiming to enhance the understanding about their biology, we observed a few parameters of its life cycle, at nymphal stages, comparing them with Rhodnius pictipes Stål a morphologically similar and phylogenetically close species. The following parameters were observed: time of hatching, development time from egg to adult (male and female separately), mortality rate, age at first blood meal and blood volume ingested by nymphs. In general, it was observed that the R. stali has longer cycle than R. pictipes, and in both species, the time between hatching the egg to adult in females is lower. Interestingly for R. stali, which is known to be capable of colonizing households, the mortality rate of nymphs was higher than observed in R. pictipes, something unexpected for species that colonize artificial structures and was observed in artificial environment. For R. stali, the first blood meal was, on average, four days later than for R. pictipes, species that ingested a greater total blood volume, possibly because of its bigger size. By knowing in depth the biological aspects of these species it will be possible to direct vector control more accurately, especially in regions where they colonize houses, as in the Alto Beni, Bolivia.


1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Horvath ◽  
T. Kelly ◽  
G. E. Folk ◽  
B. K. Hutt

Measurements of the distribution of blood volumes between the splanchnic and peripheral beds of dogs have been made. The splanchnic blood volume was found to be 21% of the total blood volume. The fractionation of the splanchnic blood volume between hepatic, splenic and mesenteric beds indicated that these contained approximately 30, 30 and 40%, respectively. There were certain difficulties which precluded precise measurement of the splanchnic fractions.


Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANNE C. BATEMAN

Abstract 1. Hematologic findings are reported in 33 patients with cancer, in 8 patients with arrested cancer and in 10 patients without cancer. 2. Blood volume was variable and seemed to bear no direct relation to the disease. Prolonged impaired alimentation due to dysphagia or apathy in 3 patients was associated with lower than expected blood volume. 3. Recalculation of total hemoglobin on the basis of expected normal blood volume demonstrates a reduction in hemoglobin concentration when blood volume is increased and conversely in an elevation of hemoglobin concentration when blood volume is reduced. 4. A marked increase above "normal" in blood volume was found in 3 patients who had received large amounts of stilbestrol. Withdrawal of drug in the 1 patient observed resulted in reversion toward normal values. 5. Testosterone increased body weight, total blood volume and total circulating hemoglobin in 3 patients without active cancer. In 2 patients with far advanced cancer there was increase in weight, in 1 there was increase in blood volume, but in both there was progressive decrease in total hemoglobin.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document