Women's Health: An Ethical Perspective

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Macklin
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Human Social Life

If there is one ethical concept considered to be central to human social life it is the idea of justice. Although there are several competing principles of justice, the core concept of justice embodies the obligation to treat like cases alike, in relevant respects. Women may differ from men in some respects, but the fact that women get sick, become injured, and die from preventable causes renders them similar to men in the need to carry out biomedical research, develop therapies, and attend to health problems specific to women. An ethical perspective on women’s health begins and ends with principles of justice. Although particular circumstances and conditions differ in developed and less developed countries, the ethical conclusions regarding justice are the same for women in all societies.

Maternal mortality and morbidity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suni Halder ◽  
Steve Yentis
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The World ◽  
Mortality Ratio

The risk to women’s health is increased during pregnancy, and maternal mortality is used as an indicator of general healthcare provision as well as a target for improving women’s health worldwide. Morbidity is more difficult to define than mortality but may also be used to monitor and improve women’s care during and after pregnancy. Despite international efforts to reduce maternal mortality, there remains a wide disparity between the rate of deaths in developed (maternal mortality ratio less than 10–20 per 100,000 live births) and developing (maternal mortality ratio as high as 1000 or more per 100,000 live births in some countries) areas of the world. Similarly, treatable conditions that cause considerable morbidity in developed countries but uncommonly result in maternal death (e.g. pre-eclampsia (pre-eclamptic toxaemia), haemorrhage, and sepsis) continue to be major causes of mortality in developing countries, where appropriate care is hampered by a lack of resources, skilled staff, education, and infrastructure. Surveillance systems that identify and analyse maternal deaths aim to monitor and improve maternal healthcare through education of staff and politicians; the longest-running and most comprehensive of these, the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom, was halted temporarily after the 2006–2008 report but is now active again. Surveillance of maternal morbidity is more difficult but systems also exist for this. The lessons learnt from such programmes are thought to be important drivers for improved maternal outcomes across the world.

Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Şerivan KARAKUT ◽  
Feray KABALCIOĞLU BUCAK
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
The Impact

Nursing, as a community service, is a profession that has existed since ancient times, with the desire to make people healthy, to ensure the comfort of people, to take care of the patient and to provide the patient with a sense of safety. Due to the impact of technology on healthcare, and with the increase in knowledge, many nurses today are seeking to work in an expanding, specialized or advanced practitioner role. Women's health nursing undertakes the roles of education, counseling, evidence-based work, research and scientific knowledge production, reducing the cost of care and increasing community satisfaction, with a woman-centered holistic approach at each life stage of women, in order to prevent diseases, and to protect and improve health. In developed countries in the field of Women's Health Nursing, such as the USA, England and Thailand, women's health nursing is a very special field of advanced nursing practices, which provides a woman-centered holistic approach, in the delivery of primary healthcare services, requiring master or PhD level expertise, and has dynamic&highly autonomous roles. Considering the developing countries, it is seen that women's health nursing is not really developed and it is carried out under the name of community-based nursing or "midwifery" in these countries. In 2011, women's health nursing roles and responsibilities were announced in our country, but its special fields were not included. In this context, it is necessary to develop special fields such as urogynecology, infertility, perinatology, gynecology and gynecological oncology, sexual health, menopause, as well as reorganize the roles and responsibilities of specialist nurses and all these should be supported within the scope of legal regulation.

scholarly journals Health and Economic Growth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Bloom ◽  
Michael Kuhn ◽  
Klaus Prettner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects

The strong observable correlation between health and economic growth is crucial for economic development and sustained well-being, but the underlying causality and mechanisms are difficult to conceptualize. Three issues are of central concern. First, assessing and disentangling causality between health and economic growth are empirically challenging. Second, the relation between health and economic growth changes over the process of economic development. In less developed countries, poor health often reduces labor force participation, particularly among women, and deters investments in education such that fertility stays high and the economy remains trapped in a stagnation equilibrium. By contrast, in more developed countries, health investments primarily lead to rising longevity, which may not significantly affect labor force participation and workforce productivity. Third, different dimensions of health (mortality vs. morbidity, children’s and women’s health, and health at older ages) relate to different economic effects. By changing the duration and riskiness of the life course, mortality affects individual investment choices, whereas morbidity relates more directly to work productivity and education. Children’s health affects their education and has long-lasting implications for labor force participation and productivity later in life. Women’s health is associated with substantial intergenerational spillover effects and influences women’s empowerment and fertility decisions. Finally, health at older ages has implications for retirement and care.

scholarly journals Modern social life and never-married women's health problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrapan Tamdee ◽  
Suphot Dendoung ◽  
Mullika Muttiko ◽  
Luechai Sringernyuang
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Never Married

scholarly journals An International Comparison of Women's Health Issues in the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Canada, Hong Kong, and Singapore: The CIDA-SEAGEP Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 989-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Choi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
International Study ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Literature Searches

This was an international study of women’'s health issues, based on an Official Study Tour in Southeast Asia (the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Singapore) and Canada. The objectives of the study were to identify and compare current gaps in surveillance, research, and programs and policies, and to predict trends of women’''s health issues in developing countries based on the experience of developed countries. Key informant interviews (senior government officials, university researchers, and local experts), self-administered questionnaires, courtesy calls, and literature searches were used to collect data. The participating countries identified women's health as an important issue, especially for reproductive health (developing countries) and senior’'s health (developed countries). Cancer, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, diabetes, poverty, social support, caring role for family, and informing, educating, and empowering people about women's health issues were the main concerns. Based on this study, 17 recommendations were made on surveillance, research, and programs and policies. A number of forthcoming changes in women’'s health patterns in developing countries were also predicted.

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