KONSEP TEORI ETNOMETHODOLOGI DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: SEJARAH MUNCULNYA TEORI ETNOMETHODOLOG, KONSEP DASAR, TOKOH-TOKOH DAN IMPLEMENTASI TEORI DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Ethnomethodology is the study of everyday practices carried out by members of society in everyday life. Actors are seen to do their everyday life through various kinds of ingenious practices. Ethnomethodology develops in various ways. The two main types are institutional studies and conversational analysis. Ethnomethodology has a different perspective from structural and interactionist theories in viewing social reality. As explained above, structural theory sees the most significant picture of human social life in the external forces that compel the individual. Therefore, to understand social behavior, an understanding of structural determination in human life must be developed. Meanwhile, for interactionists, actors (individuals) are viewed as priority objects. So, this theory builds a comprehension by first understanding individual social actions.

Weeds in action: Vegetal political ecology of unwanted plants

This paper presents a vegetal political ecology of weeds. Weeds have barely been analysed in the burgeoning field of ‘more-than-human’ scholarship, this despite their ubiquity and considerable impact on human social life. We review how geographical scholarship has represented weeds’ material and political status: mostly as invasive plants, annoying species in private gardens and spontaneous vegetation in urbanized landscapes. Then, bringing together weed science, agronomic science and the critical geography of agriculture, we show how weeds ecology, weeds management and the environmental problems which weeds are entangled have critically shaped the industrial agriculture paradigm. Three main arguments emerging from our analysis open up new research avenues: weeds’ disruptive character might shape our understanding of human-plant relationships; human-weeds relation in agriculture have non-trivial socio-economic and political implications; and more-than-human approaches, such as vegetal political ecology, might challenge dominant modes of considering and practicing agriculture.

Pembentukan Karater dari perspektif Kristen dan budaya

Human social life lately is getting more and more worried. The large number of news for violence between fellow humans is good in people's lives in general, also in families. Not only about violence, disputes, competition, envy and curtains are also coloring that color modern life lately. All people compete to get validation from others, and like the world has lost peace of mind. This paper aims to determine Christianity's point of view on the social life of the present and how a Christian person can stick to the Christ character, who is to love the world, currently filled with hatred, as well as how a character is influenced by culture.

Rethinking Integration of Epistemic Strategies in Social Understanding: Examining the Central Role of Mindreading in Pluralist Accounts

In recent years, theories of social understanding have moved away from arguing that just one epistemic strategy, such as theory-based inference or simulation constitutes our ability of social understanding. Empirical observations speak against any monistic view and have given rise to pluralistic accounts arguing that humans rely on a large variety of epistemic strategies in social understanding. We agree with this promising pluralist approach, but highlight two open questions: what is the residual role of mindreading, i.e. the indirect attribution of mental states to others within this framework, and how do different strategies of social understanding relate to each other? In a first step, we aim to clarify the arguments that might be considered in evaluating the role that epistemic strategies play in a pluralistic framework. On this basis, we argue that mindreading constitutes a core epiststrategy in human social life that opens new central spheres of social understanding. In a second step, we provide an account of the relation between different epistemic strategies which integrates and demarks the important role of mindreading for social understanding.

An analysis of new English words created during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic affects almost all aspects of life, including social and language aspects. One of the phenomena of language change is the emerging of new words during COVID-19. Taken from a linguistic perspective, this research aims to analyze the new words created during COVID-19, to analyze their meaning of the new words, and how they affect human social life. The method used in this research is discourse analysis using a descriptive qualitative research design. The researchers collected these new English words from social media, books, articles, and news. Findings reveal that there are nineteen new English words created during COVID-19. These new words are now very popular on social media and are used in general conversation. In addition, it suggests that these new words have profoundly affected our social life and also the teaching and learning process of English.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF STUDENTS IN VSPU NAMED AFTER MYKHAILO KOTSIUBYNSKYI IN THE CONDITIONS OF QUARANTINE RESTRICTIONS

The article considers the main problems that reflect the formation of adequate environmental awareness in people, which is now such a controversial and complex process in theoretical and practical terms, especially during the pandemic COVID-19. Modern environmental problems of today take into account, by the way, the entire sphere of human social life. The aim of the article is to study the level of anxiety of signs-states in medical students in the ecological environment of the COVID-19 pandemic in the conditions of distance learning at Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsyubynsky. The study included methods such as generalization, comparison, synthesis, concretization and the following psychodiagnostic techniques: Spilberg’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) modified by J. Hanin, an author's questionnaire that contained 11 additional questions about online learning satisfaction. It has been empirically established that among the environmentally destructive factors that affect a person's mental health is the level of identification of the state of anxiety. The structure of pathological changes to determine the level of anxiety is dominated by mental disorders of a prenosological nature, based on a list of borderline phenomena between normal and pathology in interaction with the environment, which cause various manifestations of socio-psychological maladaptation in online learning. The conclusions indicate that the environmental friendliness of the educational environment is due to the needs of the individual in mastering the knowledge of nature and in effective coexistence with it, as well as in increasing the level of knowledge of students about the problems of its protection. The environmental education should contribute not only to the development of the course in terms of studying the discipline, but also the formation of environmental consciousness and culture of the humanistic type in order to adapt students to modern conditions.

A Study of Philosophical Theory and Educational Science of Insights on Ethics, Values, Characters, and Morals rooted into the Islamic and Contemporary Western Perspectives

The present article addresses the necessity for entrenching characters, morals, values, and ethical education in science teaching and science education. It explains the argument and rationale, and buttresses ethics, values, and nurturing of morals in students through a modified curriculum science education and describes their benefits to humanity. Additionally, the study discusses the rapidness of technological advancements, science, and globalization that are influencing the complications of human social life and underpinning the level of values, ethics, and morality in education and teaching sciences. Analyses and syntheses are presented to the pedagogical and philosophical questions related to the above-mentioned themes, as it may assist in conceptualizing and uttering a solid theoretical outline for the enhancement of school curricula. A proportional analysis in view of the philosophical, the collective Islamic moral education and values and hypothetical foundation of contemporary Western ethical education is outlined to generate and extend maximum academic benefits and to establish a supplemented theoretical background of character education and moral which may contribute to global acceptability of the character education and moral theoretical framework in Western.

Colloidal Social Theory: Thinking about Material Animacy and Sociality beyond Solids and Fluids

This paper argues that an exploration of colloids can help us situate human social life within a wider understanding of the sociality and animacy of matter. Colloids are substances such as sols, foams, powders, gels, doughs and pastes that exhibit complex and shifting macroscale physical properties that do not conform to standard conceptions of solids, liquids or gases. Colloids can behave in complex and creative ways because of their topological enfolding of dispersed and continuous matter, in different phases, at a ‘mesoscale’ intermediate between the scale of molecules and that of the macroscale substance. I relate colloids, with their twin phenomena of ‘repetition’ and ‘mediation’, to an understanding of social life as reducible neither to the interaction between separate individuals nor to a transindividual whole. I suggest that human social life participates in a colloidal ‘metapattern’ of repetition and mediation that is manifest across diverse material substrates and spatial scales.

Distinguishing intergroup and long-distance relationships

While intergroup relationships (IRs) dominate the literature on human sociality, long-distance relationships (LDRs) are also highly prevalent in human social life; however, they are often conflated with IRs or overlooked entirely. We suggest that by focusing on IRs to the exclusion of LDRs, scholars are painting an incomplete picture of human sociality. Though both IRs and LDRs function to provide resource access, LDRs likely evolved before IRs in the human lineage and are especially effective for both responding to widespread resource shortfalls and providing access to resources not locally available. To illustrate the importance of distinguishing IRs from LDRs, we draw on an example from rural Bolivia. This case study illustrates how (1) IRs and LDRs vary in importance, even between nearby communities, due to differences in socioecology and past experience, and (2) researcher expectations about IR prevalence can bias both data collection and data interpretation. We close by highlighting areas of LDR research that will expand our understanding of human sociality.