What is Unique about Nanomedicine? The Significance of the Mesoscale

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Khushf ◽  
Ronald A. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Nanoparticle Size ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Novel Behavior

In prominent funding and policy statements, a particle with at least one dimension in the 1-300 nm size range must have novel physicochemical properties to count as a “nanoparticle.” Size is thus only one factor. Novelty of a particle's properties is also essential to its “nano” classification. When particles in this size range are introduced into living systems, they often interact with their host in novel ways that require some modification of existing methods and models used by pharmaceutical scientists and toxicologists for assessing their efficacy and safety. It is not clear, however, whether the novelty of the intended physicochemical properties is in any way related to the novel behavior of those particles when their toxicity is evaluated. In fact, when considering toxicity, much of the concern about nanoparticles relates to the unanticipated or poorly understood interactions.

The novel use of convalescent plasma in patients with COVID 19 in Basra governorate, Case series review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Hammadi ◽  
Ali Hashim ◽  
Abbas Ali ◽  
Rafid Abbood ◽  
Hassanein Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Plasma Donation ◽  
Patient Series

Background: The idea of convalescent plasma usage is to give passive immunity to the patients, so their immune system stands a good chance of combating the virus.this study will review 6 cases of eligible covid 19 patients that had been treated with convalescent plasma therapy in Basra covid 19 quarantine Objectives: to demonstrate efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma in the patient series that had been enrolled . Method: this study had pioneered a new method to collect up to 3,000 mL in one session by an off-label use of Spectra Optia Apheresis systems by TerumoBCT /Exchange set to collect convalescent plasma. In this study 250 mL convalescent plasma had been given each of the 6 patients, from one donor. respose in spo2,dyspnoea and tachypnoea was observed ,any reaction to plasma also had been monitored . Result: Our case series have demonstrated both safety and effectiveness of convalescent plasma. This study was successful in reaching our primary and secondary outcomes in all 6 patients (improvement in SpO2 and symptoms). With negligible difference in time of post transfusion response Conclusion: convalescent plasma is apperantly safe and effective, In this study 250 mL convalescent plasma had been given each of the 6 patients, from one donor using Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) protocol by Spectra Optia Apheresis system/TerumoBCT. Keywords: convalescent plasma, COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, apheresis, plasma exchange, plasma donation

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization Cascade of Nanoadjuvant–Antigen Systems for Improving Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Giuditta Guerrini ◽  
Antonio Vivi ◽  
Sabrina Gioria ◽  
Jessica Ponti ◽  
Davide Magrì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Adjuvants have been used for decades to enhance the immune response to vaccines, in particular for the subunit-based adjuvants. Physicochemical properties of the adjuvant-protein antigen complexes, such as size, morphology, protein structure and binding, influence the overall efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Here we show how to perform an accurate physicochemical characterization of the nanoaluminum–ovalbumin complex. Using a combination of existing techniques, we developed a multi-staged characterization strategy based on measurements of increased complexity. This characterization cascade has the advantage of being very flexible and easily adaptable to any adjuvant-protein antigen combinations. It will contribute to control the quality of antigen–adjuvant complexes and immunological outcomes, ultimately leading to improved vaccines.

scholarly journals Rosuvastatin cocrystals: an attempt to modulate physicochemical parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Deepthi Vemuri ◽  
Srinivas Lankalapalli
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Interaction

Abstract Background The meager physicochemical properties like low solubility and low dissolution rate of rosuvastatin calcium remain as an obstruction for formulation development. In the present work, we explore the evolution of rosuvastatin cocrystal, which may offer the synergetic physico-chemical properties of the drug. Cocrystal crafting depends on two possible intermolecular interactions; heteromeric and the homomeric selection of compounds with complementary functional groups are contemplated as a possible cause of supramolecular synthons in cocrystal formation. Specifically, cocrystals of rosuvastatin with l-asparagine and l-glutamine with molar ratio (1:1) were fabricated by using slow solvent evaporation and slow evaporation techniques. Novel cocrystals of rosuvastatin-asparagine (RSC-C) and rosuvastatin-glutamine (RSC-G) cocrystals obtained by slow solvent evaporation were utilized for preliminary investigation and further scale-up was done by using the solvent evaporation technique. Results The novel cocrystals showed a new characteristic of powder X-ray diffraction, thermograms of differential scanning calorimetry, 1H liquid FT-NMR spectra, and scanning electron microscopy. These results signify the establishment of intermolecular interaction within the cocrystals. In both the novel cocrystals, rosuvastatin was determined to be engaged in the hydrogen bond interaction with the complementary functional groups of l-asparagine and l-glutamine. Compared with the pure rosuvastatin, RSC-C and RSC-G cocrystal showed 2.17-fold and 1.60-fold improved solubility respectively. The dissolution test showed that the RSC-C and RSC-G cocrystal exhibited 1.97-fold and 1.94-fold higher dissolution rate than the pure rosuvastatin in pH6.8 phosphate buffer respectively. Conclusion Modulation in the chemical environment, improvement in the solubility, and dissolution rate demonstrated the benefit of co-crystallization to improve the physicochemical properties of the drug. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Assessing a Linear Nanosystem's Limiting Reliability from its Components

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 879-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The One ◽  
Fixed Moment ◽  
Nanosized Systems

Nanosystems are devices that are in the size range of a billionth of a meter (1 x 10-9) and therefore are built necessarily from individual atoms. The one-dimensional nanosystems or linear nanosystems cover all the nanosized systems which possess one dimension that exceeds the other two dimensions, i.e. extension over one dimension is predominant over the other two dimensions. Here only two of the dimensions have to be on the nanoscale (less than 100 nanometers). In this paper we consider the structural relationship between a linear nanosystem and its atoms acting as components of the nanosystem. Using such information, we then assess the nanosystem's limiting reliability which is, of course, probabilistic in nature. We consider the linear nanosystem at a fixed moment of time, say the present moment, and we assume that the present state of the linear nanosystem depends only on the present states of its atoms.

Physicochemical properties of some new 1,5- and 5,5-alkyl-substituted barbituric acids

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 2274-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Neville ◽  
H. W. Avdovich ◽  
A. W. By
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Hydroxy Derivative ◽  
The Novel

The synthesis of six new barbituric acids 1b, 3a, 4b, 5, and 6b, including the novel 5-hydroxy derivative 3b, is reported together with spectroscopic data (proton magnetic resonance, ultraviolet, and infrared) for these and for five related known barbiturates for which such data is lacking. An interesting occurrence of non-equivalence of the N-1 and N-3 CH2(Et) protons in 3b is discussed.

Nanocomposites: Retrospecr and Prospect

1992 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustum Roy
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Infinite Class ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Nanometer Size Range

ABSTRACTIn this paper we make clear distinctions from the terms nanophase, nanocrystalline and deal only with nanocomposites defined as an interacting mixture of two phases, one of which is in the nanometer size range in at least one dimension. The author's origins of development of the idea that nanocomposites are a virtually infinite class of new materials are described.Then we refer to the results of our extensive studies of nanocomposites derived by solution-solgel techniques to illustrate the properties of such materials in the area of chemical and thermal reactivity.Finally it is pointed out that in the last few years nanocomposite materials have become a major part of new materials synthesis all over the world for applications ranging from mechanical to optical, to magnetic to dielectric.

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