scholarly journals Mechanisms linking violence exposure and school engagement among African American adolescents: Examining the roles of psychological problem behaviors and gender.

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter R. Voisin ◽  
Torsten B. Neilands ◽  
Shannon Hunnicutt
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Psychological Problem ◽  
And Gender

Adolescents’ Internalizing Behaviors after Extreme Violence Exposure: A Comparison of Race and Gender for African American and Asian American Youth

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Internalizing Behaviors ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Asian American Adolescents ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
And Gender

This study compares African American and Asian American adolescents in their rates of extreme community violence exposure and consequent internalizing behaviors. Using information from a national longitudinal survey this study found substantial violence exposure rates for both groups. Also, gender differences in exposure rates and adolescent reports of internalizing behaviors after violence exposure were detected. Male African American adolescents had the highest exposure rate, while female Asian American adolescents reported the highest level of internalizing behaviors. These findings suggest further research is needed to better understand the effect of violence exposure on various ethnic minority adolescents. Moreover, social workers and other professionals involved in adolescent services could use these results to improve outreach methods to vulnerable adolescents.

The Relation of Severity and Type of Community Violence Exposure to Emotional Distress and Problem Behaviors Among Urban African American Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Goldner ◽  
Israel M. Gross ◽  
Maryse H. Richards ◽  
Brian L. Ragsdale
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

Severity level and type of exposure to community violence were examined to determine their effect on emotional distress and problem behaviors among 234 low-income urban African American early adolescents. There were 4 violence exposure scales developed from a principal component analysis of the Richters and Martinez (1993) exposure to violence scale: moderate and severe witnessing and moderate and severe victimization. Regression analyses indicated that moderate victimization was the most consistent predictor of emotional distress and behavioral problems, whereas moderate witnessing did not relate to any of the dependent variables. Severe victimization predicted depression and delinquency, whereas severe witnessing predicted posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and delinquency. Witnessing and victimization scales based on severity of exposure better represented the experience than combining all data into a single exposure or simply witnessing and victimization scales.

“Making Space” for Ourselves

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1352-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terah T. Venzant Chambers ◽  
Lance T. McCready
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Institutional Processes ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
American Students ◽  
Time Work ◽  
And Gender

Drawing from two separate case studies, one on lower track African American students and another on gay and gender nonconforming African American male students, this article explores how students with multiple stigmatized identities make sense of and respond to their marginalization, a process we term making space. In particular, we consider how making space can support students’ psychosocial needs and at the same time work against school engagement and academic striving. We describe types of “making space” strategies: sociospatial, performative, and political/institutional, and use these categories to describe the ways students in our projects responded to their perceived marginalization. Institutional processes that make these responses necessary are addressed as well as how schools can either mediate or intensify students’ feelings of marginalization and therefore their perceived need to “make space.”

Probing the Paradoxical Pattern of Cigarette Smoking among African-Americans: Low Teenage Consumption and High Adult Use

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Feigelman ◽  
Julia Lee
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
African American Adults ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Prevalence

Based on secondary analysis of the 1990 California Tobacco Survey, of 24,296 adult and 7,767 adolescent respondents, this study investigates the enigmatic results established by past research, of comparatively low prevalence rates of smoking among African-American adolescents and high use patterns for African-American adults. Findings support the crossover hypothesis claiming that more young adult White smokers successfully relinquish cigarette use than same aged African-Americans. When Whites and Blacks were grouped according to gender and age, findings showed African-American males between ages eighteen to twenty-four and females between ages twenty-five and forty-four were less likely to be among the ranks of former smokers than their same aged and gender White counterparts. The findings suggest that targeting these groups for more antismoking information and for opportunities to participate in smoking cessation programs may be helpful to reduce the higher smoking rates now found among African-American adults.

scholarly journals Violence exposure, conflict, and health outcomes in inner‐city African American adolescents

Nursing Forum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-525
Author(s):  
Stephanie Griggs ◽  
Hilary H. Ratner ◽  
John H. Hannigan ◽  
Virginia Delaney‐Black ◽  
Lisa M. Chiodo
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
African American Adolescents
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