scholarly journals The dysregulation profile in preschoolers with and without a family history of autism spectrum disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Miller ◽  
Ana‐Maria Iosif ◽  
Gregory S. Young ◽  
Laura J. Bell ◽  
A.J. Schwichtenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dysregulation Profile

scholarly journals Risk Assessment for Parents Who Suspect Their Child Has Autism Spectrum Disorder: Machine Learning Approach (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelet Ben-Sasson ◽  
Diana L Robins ◽  
Elad Yom-Tov
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Parental Concerns ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disorder Risk ◽  
Screening Measures

BACKGROUND Parents are likely to seek Web-based communities to verify their suspicions of autism spectrum disorder markers in their child. Automated tools support human decisions in many domains and could therefore potentially support concerned parents. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of assessing autism spectrum disorder risk in parental concerns from Web-based sources, using automated text analysis tools and minimal standard questioning. METHODS Participants were 115 parents with concerns regarding their child’s social-communication development. Children were 16- to 30-months old, and 57.4% (66/115) had a family history of autism spectrum disorder. Parents reported their concerns online, and completed an autism spectrum disorder-specific screener, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised, with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F), and a broad developmental screener, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). An algorithm predicted autism spectrum disorder risk using a combination of the parent's text and a single screening question, selected by the algorithm to enhance prediction accuracy. RESULTS Screening measures identified 58% (67/115) to 88% (101/115) of children at risk for autism spectrum disorder. Children with a family history of autism spectrum disorder were 3 times more likely to show autism spectrum disorder risk on screening measures. The prediction of a child’s risk on the ASQ or M-CHAT-R was significantly more accurate when predicted from text combined with an M-CHAT-R question selected (automatically) than from the text alone. The frequently automatically selected M-CHAT-R questions that predicted risk were: following a point, make-believe play, and concern about deafness. CONCLUSIONS The internet can be harnessed to prescreen for autism spectrum disorder using parental concerns by administering a few standardized screening questions to augment this process.

scholarly journals Social Brain Functional Maturation in Newborn Infants With and Without a Family History of Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. e191868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Ciarrusta ◽  
Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh ◽  
Ralica Dimitrova ◽  
Dafnis Batalle ◽  
Lucilio Cordero-Grande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Motor atypicalities in infancy are associated with general developmental level at 2 years, but not autistic symptoms

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1650-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Achermann ◽  
Pär Nyström ◽  
Sven Bölte ◽  
Terje Falck-Ytter
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developmental Level ◽  
Infant Siblings ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Autistic Symptoms

Atypical motor development has frequently been reported in infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder. However, no previous study has used detailed motion capture technology to compare infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder and infant siblings with no familial history of autism spectrum disorder. We investigated reaching movements during an interceptive action task in 10-month-old infants using kinematic data with high spatiotemporal resolution. The results indicated that several measures were different in infants at elevated likelihood. However, longitudinal analyses revealed that while specific infant motor measures (e.g. number of movement units) were related to broad measures of general developmental level in toddlerhood, the associations with later autism spectrum disorder symptomatology were not significant. These findings confirm that some aspects of motor functioning are atypical in infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder, but provide no support for the view that these issues are specifically linked to autism spectrum disorder symptoms, but may rather reflect neurodevelopment more generally. Lay abstract Atypicalities in motor functioning are often observed in later born infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. The goal of our study was to investigate motor functioning in infants with and without familial history of autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, we investigated how infants catch a ball that is rolling toward them following a non-straight path, a task that requires both efficient planning and execution. Their performance was measured using detailed three-dimensional motion capture technology. We found that several early motor functioning measures were different in infants with an older autistic sibling compared to controls. However, these early motor measures were not related to autistic symptoms at the age of 2 years. Instead, we found that some of the early motor measures were related to their subsequent non-social, general development. The findings of our study help us understand motor functioning early in life and how motor functioning is related to other aspects of development.

scholarly journals A symptom-based approach to treatment of psychosis in autism spectrum disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Bell ◽  
Henry Dunne ◽  
Tharun Zacharia ◽  
Katrina Brooker ◽  
Sukhi Shergill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
History Of

SummaryThe optimal management of autism with psychosis remains unclear. This report describes a 22-year-old man with autism and psychosis who was referred to a tertiary-level specialist psychosis service, following a 6-year history of deterioration in mental health starting around the time of sitting GCSE examinations and an episode of bullying at school. We describe the individualised symptom-based approach that was effective in his treatment.Declaration of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.

scholarly journals Addressing medical needs of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders in a primary care setting

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssra Saqr ◽  
Erika Braun ◽  
Kyle Porter ◽  
Debra Barnette ◽  
Christopher Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Medical Regimen ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
History Of

Little has been reported about how to improve health care access and delivery for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. To understand the contributions to the health disparities in the autism spectrum disorder population, we conducted two independent research approaches to learn about current medical needs. A retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate medical comorbidities and medication use. A focus group was also created to address barriers faced in providing medical care. Of 126 charts reviewed, 49% (n = 62) had intellectual disability, 49% (n = 62) had attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 52% (n = 65) had anxiety, 41% (n = 52) had obesity, 31% (n = 39) with a history of aggressive behavior, 31% (n = 31) had depression, 22% (n = 28) had seizures, and 9% (n = 11) had hypertension. A Medical Regimen Complexity Index score was determined to examine medication use trends in the autism spectrum disorder population. Medical Regimen Complexity Index scores were significantly higher for patients with intellectual disability, patients with seizures, and patients with a history of aggressive behavior. Both the focus group and our pre-visit assessment identified the waiting room and waiting time as barriers to care. Understanding the comorbidities, polypharmacy, and medical barriers should provide a better understanding of the current health care access and delivery needs of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder.

scholarly journals Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a Patient with a History of Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Xavier Diao ◽  
Milana Mor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Antipsychotic Agents ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
History Of

Background: Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune syndrome characterized by a well-described constellation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Its exact pathophysiology is poorly understood, but it is thought to be mediated by autoantibodies against NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate)-type glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. There is ongoing literature to suggest that patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have evidence of neuroinflammation—or by definition, encephalitis. Objective: To investigate the link between autism spectrum disorder and autoimmune encephalitides. Methods: We present a case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a patient with autism spectrum disorder. “OP” is a 16-year-old male with a history of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who presented with a 3-day history of acute-onset altered mental status, electroencephalogram (EEG)-corroborated seizures, and slurred speech. Laboratory studies were significant for serum- and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-positive NMDA antibodies. The child psychiatry consult-liaison service was consulted for significant agitation and behavioral dyscontrol. We recommended 1:1 observation for safety, as well as antipsychotic agents titrated to clinical effect. The patient had a protracted hospital course, but was eventually discharged to an acute rehabilitation facility for continued stabilization and therapy. Conclusion: It remains to be seen if the relation between encephalitis and ASD is uni- or bidirectional, that is: whether children with ASD have a genetic diathesis to developing encephalitides (such as those mediated by the NMDAR), or conversely, if deranged or inflamed neuroreceptor processes are implicated in the development of ASD.

Relationship of family history conditions and early signs of autism spectrum disorder in low and high-risk infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Maurice A. Feldman ◽  
Alicia Azzano ◽  
Rebecca A. Ward ◽  
Melissa Hudson ◽  
Calvin P. Sjaarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
Relationship Of
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