Shaping polyploid wheat for success: Origins, domestication, and the genetic improvement of agronomic traits

Abstract Background: The low genetic diversity of Upland cotton limits the potential for genetic improvement. Making full use of the genetic resources of Sea-island cotton will facilitate genetic improvement of widely cultivated Upland cotton varieties. The chromosome segments substitution lines (CSSLs) provide an ideal strategy for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in interspecific hybridization.Results: In this study, a CSSL population was developed by PCR-based markers assisted selection (MAS), derived from the crossing and backcrossing of Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) and G. barbadense (Gb), firstly. Then, by whole genome re-sequencing, 11,653,661 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified which ultimately constructed 1,211 recombination chromosome introgression segments from Gb. The sequencing-based physical map provided more accurate introgressions than the PCR-based markers. By exploiting CSSLs with mutant morphological traits, the genes responding for leaf shape and fuzz-less mutation in the Gb were identified. Based on a high-resolution recombination bin map to uncover genetic loci determining the phenotypic variance between Gh and Gb, 64 QTLs were identified for 14 agronomic traits with an interval length of 158 kb to 27 Mb. Surprisingly, multiple alleles of Gb showed extremely high value in enhancing cottonseed oil content (SOC). Conclusions: This study provides guidance for studying interspecific inheritance, especially breeding researchers, for future studies using the traditional PCR-based molecular markers and high-throughput re-sequencing technology in the study of CSSLs. Available resources include candidate position for controlling cotton quality and quantitative traits, and excellent breeding materials. Collectively, our results provide insights into the genetic effects of Gb alleles on the Gh, and provide guidance for the utilization of Gb alleles in interspecific breeding.

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Genetic dissection of an allotetraploid interspecific CSSLs guides interspecific genetics and breeding in cotton

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17006/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

De Zhu ◽

Ximei Li ◽

Zhiwei Wang ◽

Chunyuan You ◽

Xinhui Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upland Cotton ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Oil Content ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Physical Map ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Cottonseed Oil ◽

Interval Length ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Multiple Alleles

Abstract Background: The low genetic diversity of Upland cotton limits the potential for genetic improvement. Making full use of the genetic resources of Sea-island cotton will facilitate genetic improvement of widely cultivated Upland cotton varieties. The chromosome segments substitution lines (CSSLs) provide an ideal strategy for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in interspecific hybridization. Results: In this study, a CSSL population was developed by PCR-based markers assisted selection (MAS), derived from the crossing and backcrossing of Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) and G. barbadense (Gb), firstly. Then, by whole genome re-sequencing, 11,653,661 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified which ultimately constructed 1,211 recombination chromosome introgression segments from Gb. The sequencing-based physical map provided more accurate introgressions than the PCR-based markers. By exploiting CSSLs with mutant morphological traits, the genes responding for leaf shape and fuzz-less mutation in the Gb were identified. Based on a high-resolution recombination bin map to uncover genetic loci determining the phenotypic variance between Gh and Gb, 64 QTLs were identified for 14 agronomic traits with an interval length of 158 kb to 27 Mb. Surprisingly, multiple alleles of Gb showed extremely high value in enhancing cottonseed oil content (SOC). Surprisingly, multiple alleles of Gb showed extremely high value in enhancing cottonseed oil content (SOC). Conclusions: This study provides guidance for studying interspecific inheritance, especially breeding researchers, for future studies using the traditional PCR-based molecular markers and high-throughput re-sequencing technology in the study of CSSLs. Available resources include candidate position for controlling cotton quality and quantitative traits, and excellent breeding materials. Collectively, our results provide insights into the genetic effects of Gb alleles on the Gh, and provide guidance for the utilization of Gb alleles in interspecific breeding.

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Genetic Improvement of Cereals and Grain Legumes

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11111255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1255

Author(s):

Muhammad Amjad Nawaz ◽

Gyuhwa Chung

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Special Issue ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

Yield Improvement ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Genetic Technologies ◽

Global Population

The anticipated population growth by 2050 will be coupled with increased food demand. To achieve higher and sustainable food supplies in order to feed the global population by 2050, a 2.4% rise in the yield of major crops is required. The key to yield improvement is a better understanding of the genetic variation and identification of molecular markers, quantitative trait loci, genes, and pathways related to higher yields and increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Advances in genetic technologies are enabling plant breeders and geneticists to breed crop plants with improved agronomic traits. This Special Issue is an effort to report the genetic improvements by adapting genomic techniques and genomic selection.

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Genetic Improvement in Agronomic Traits of Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivars 1919 to 1987

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1988.0011183x002800050006x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 756-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 138

Author(s):

T. S. Cox ◽

J. P. Shroyer ◽

Liu Ben‐Hui ◽

R. G. Sears ◽

T. J. Martin

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Red Winter Wheat

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Rapid genomic changes in polyploid wheat and related species: implications for genome evolution and genetic improvement

Journal of Genetics and Genomics ◽

10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60143-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 519-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Bao Liu ◽

Chunming Xu ◽

Na Zhao ◽

Bao Qi ◽

Josphert N. Kimatu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Evolution ◽

Related Species ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Polyploid Wheat ◽

Genomic Changes

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Genetic Improvement of Agronomic Traits of Winter Wheat Cultivars Released in France from 1946 to 1992

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2003.3700 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 172

Author(s):

M. Brancourt-Hulmel ◽

G. Doussinault ◽

C. Lecomte ◽

P. Bérard ◽

B. Le Buanec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars

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Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genomic Regions for Important Morpho-Agronomic Traits in Mesoamerican Common Bean

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.748829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Delfini ◽

Vânia Moda-Cirino ◽

José dos Santos Neto ◽

Douglas Mariani Zeffa ◽

Alison Fernando Nogueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Multiple Methods ◽

Favorable Alleles ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Multiple Environments

The population growth trend in recent decades has resulted in continuing efforts to guarantee food security in which leguminous plants, such as the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), play a particularly important role as they are relatively cheap and have high nutritional value. To meet this demand for food, the main target for genetic improvement programs is to increase productivity, which is a complex quantitative trait influenced by many component traits. This research aims to identify Quantitative Trait Nucleotides (QTNs) associated with productivity and its components using multi-locus genome-wide association studies. Ten morpho-agronomic traits [plant height (PH), first pod insertion height (FPIH), number of nodules (NN), pod length (PL), total number of pods per plant (NPP), number of locules per pod (LP), number of seeds per pod (SP), total seed weight per plant (TSW), 100-seed weight (W100), and grain yield (YLD)] were evaluated in four environments for 178 Mesoamerican common bean domesticated accessions belonging to the Brazilian Diversity Panel. In order to identify stable QTNs, only those identified by multiple methods (mrMLM, FASTmrMLM, pLARmEB, and ISIS EM-BLASSO) or in multiple environments were selected. Among the identified QTNs, 64 were detected at least thrice by different methods or in different environments, and 39 showed significant phenotypic differences between their corresponding alleles. The alleles that positively increased the corresponding traits, except PH (for which lower values are desired), were considered favorable alleles. The most influenced trait by the accumulation of favorable alleles was PH, showing a 51.7% reduction, while NN, TSW, YLD, FPIH, and NPP increased between 18 and 34%. Identifying QTNs in several environments (four environments and overall adjusted mean) and by multiple methods reinforces the reliability of the associations obtained and the importance of conducting these studies in multiple environments. Using these QTNs through molecular techniques for genetic improvement, such as marker-assisted selection or genomic selection, can be a strategy to increase common bean production.

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