Hoppenrath, M., Murray, S. A., Chomérat, N. & Horiguchi, T. 2014. Marine benthic dinoflagellates - unveiling their worldwide diversity. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe, 54, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 276 pp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1189
Author(s):  
Wayne Litaker
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Dinoflagellates

scholarly journals Asynchrony of Gambierdiscus spp. Abundance and Toxicity in the U.S. Virgin Islands: Implications for Monitoring and Management of Ciguatera

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Justin D. Liefer ◽  
Mindy L. Richlen ◽  
Tyler B. Smith ◽  
Jennifer L. DeBose ◽  
Yixiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Us Virgin Islands ◽  
Benthic Dinoflagellates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The U.S

Ciguatera poisoning (CP) poses a significant threat to ecosystem services and fishery resources in coastal communities. The CP-causative ciguatoxins (CTXs) are produced by benthic dinoflagellates including Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa spp., and enter reef food webs via grazing on macroalgal substrates. In this study, we report on a 3-year monthly time series in St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands where Gambierdiscus spp. abundance and Caribbean-CTX toxicity in benthic samples were compared to key environmental factors, including temperature, salinity, nutrients, benthic cover, and physical data. We found that peak Gambierdiscus abundance occurred in summer while CTX-specific toxicity peaked in cooler months (Feb–May) when the mean water temperatures were approximately 26–28 °C. These trends were most evident at deeper offshore sites where macroalgal cover was highest year-round. Other environmental parameters were not correlated with the CTX variability observed over time. The asynchrony between Gambierdiscus spp. abundance and toxicity reflects potential differences in toxin cell quotas among Gambierdiscus species with concomitant variability in their abundances throughout the year. These results have significant implications for monitoring and management of benthic harmful algal blooms and highlights potential seasonal and highly-localized pulses in reef toxin loads that may be transferred to higher trophic levels.

scholarly journals Investigation of phagotrophy in natural assemblages of the benthic dinoflagellates Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum and Coolia

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliliane Vasconcelos Corrêa Almada ◽  
Wanderson Fernandes de Carvalho ◽  
Silvia Mattos Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Harmful Algae ◽  
Benthic Dinoflagellates ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Harmful Species

Abstract Mixotrophy has been shown to be a common trait among dinoflagellates and its importance in the nutritional ecology of harmful algae has been hypothesized. Benthic harmful species have not been extensively investigated as their planktonic counterparts and there are major gaps in the knowledge of their nutritional strategies. In this study the occurrence of phagotrophy was investigated in natural assemblages of benthic dinoflagellates using epi-fluorescence microscopy with DAPI and LysoSensor staining. The study was conducted at five sites along the coast of Rio de Janeiro that were visited in January, August and December 2010. In total, 1659 dinoflagellate cells were observed. From these, only 0.4% of 1195 Ostreopsis cf. ovata and 2.2% of 134 Coolia spp. cells presented evidence of phagotrophy with vacuoles stained by LysoSensor or a DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) stained inclusion. Stained vacuoles were not registered in the 330 Prorocentrum spp. cells observed. Few O. cf. ovata cells contained round red inclusions ("red spots") that were not stained either by DAPI or LysoSensor, suggesting that these structures are not ingested prey. The results showed that phagotrophy was not a frequent nutritional strategy in benthic dinoflagellates during the study period.

scholarly journals Further Advance of Gambierdiscus Species in the Canary Islands, with the First Report of Gambierdiscus belizeanus

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Àngels Tudó ◽  
Greta Gaiani ◽  
Maria Rey Varela ◽  
Takeshi Tsumuraya ◽  
Karl B. Andree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensor ◽  
Benthic Dinoflagellates ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Colorimetric Immunoassay ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
First Time

Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) is a human food-borne poisoning that has been known since ancient times to be found mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, which occurs when fish or very rarely invertebrates contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) are consumed. The genus of marine benthic dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus produces CTX precursors. The presence of Gambierdiscus species in a region is one indicator of CP risk. The Canary Islands (North Eastern Atlantic Ocean) is an area where CP cases have been reported since 2004. In the present study, samplings for Gambierdiscus cells were conducted in this area during 2016 and 2017. Gambierdiscus cells were isolated and identified as G. australes, G. excentricus, G. caribaeus, and G. belizeanus by molecular analysis. In this study, G. belizeanus is reported for the first time in the Canary Islands. Gambierdiscus isolates were cultured, and the CTX-like toxicity of forty-one strains was evaluated with the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (neuro-2a CBA). G. excentricus exhibited the highest CTX-like toxicity (9.5–2566.7 fg CTX1B equiv. cell−1) followed by G. australes (1.7–452.6.2 fg CTX1B equiv. cell−1). By contrast, the toxicity of G. belizeanus was low (5.6 fg CTX1B equiv. cell−1), and G. caribaeus did not exhibit CTX-like toxicity. In addition, for the G. belizeanus strain, the production of CTXs was evaluated with a colorimetric immunoassay and an electrochemical immunosensor resulting in G. belizeanus producing two types of CTX congeners (CTX1B and CTX3C series congeners) and can contribute to CP in the Canary Islands.

Screening-level evaluation of marine benthic dinoflagellates toxicity using mammalian cell lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 110465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel A.F. Neves ◽  
Miguel A. Pardal ◽  
Silvia M. Nascimento ◽  
Paulo J. Oliveira ◽  
Elsa T. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Benthic Dinoflagellates

scholarly journals Sampling harmful benthic dinoflagellates: Comparison of artificial and natural substrate methods

Harmful Algae ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 8-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Tester ◽  
Steven R. Kibler ◽  
William C. Holland ◽  
Gires Usup ◽  
Mark W. Vandersea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Benthic Dinoflagellates

scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION OF TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATES ON SEA GRASS Enhalus acoroides AT PARI ISLAND, SERIBU ISLANDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riani Widiarti ◽  
Fitrian Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Reef Flat ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning ◽  
Benthic Dinoflagellates ◽  
Fish Poisoning ◽  
Sea Grass ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellates ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Local Water

<p>Benthic dinoflagellates causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP), could be found attached either on macroalgae or sea grasses. Research on density and distribution of benthic dinoflagellates on sea grass leaves was conducted in Pari Island waters, Seribu Islands, in April 2012. Research was carried out by collecting Enhalus acoroides leaves from each site, and put inside the plastic jars containing seawater. In order to separate the dinoflagellates species from the leaves, the plastic jars were shaken vigorously and the seawater filtered through a series of sieves (125μm and 20μm). The resulted residue was than observed using Sedgewick rafter cell under light microscope. Based on samples collected, eight benthic dinoflagellates were found, where five of them were potentially toxic. They were Prorocentrum concavum, P. lima, P. rhathymum, Ostreopsis lenticularis, and O. siamensis. The highest abundance was found in the reef flat on the southern side of the island (652 sel/cm2 seagrass leaf). Research showed that the density and distribution of toxic dinoflagellates on sea grass at Pari Island, Seribu Islands were more influenced by local water currents.</p><p>Keywords: benthic dinoflagellates, Ciguatera Fish Poisoning, Pari Island, seagrass</p>

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