Finding Species-Specific Extracellular Surface-Facing Proteomes in Toxic Dinoflagellates

As a sequel to our previous report of the existence of species-specific protein/peptide expression profiles (PEPs) acquired by mass spectrometry in some dinoflagellates, we established, with the help of a plasma-membrane-impermeable labeling agent, a surface amphiesmal protein extraction method (SAPE) to label and capture species-specific surface proteins (SSSPs) as well as saxitoxins-producing-species-specific surface proteins (Stx-SSPs) that face the extracellular space (i.e., SSSPsEf and Stx-SSPsEf). Five selected toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium minutum, A. lusitanicum, A. tamarense, Gymnodinium catenatum, and Karenia mikimotoi, were used in this study. Transcriptomic databases of these five species were also constructed. With the aid of liquid chromatography linked-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the transcriptomic databases of these species, extracellularly facing membrane proteomes of the five different species were identified. Within these proteomes, 16 extracellular-facing and functionally significant transport proteins were found. Furthermore, 10 SSSPs and 6 Stx-SSPs were identified as amphiesmal proteins but not facing outward to the extracellular environment. We also found SSSPsEf and Stx-SSPsEf in the proteomes. The potential functional correlation of these proteins towards the production of saxitoxins in dinoflagellates and the degree of species specificity were discussed accordingly.

Analisis Densitas Bentik Dinoflagellata Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis dan Prorocentrum di Pantai Nirwana, Padang

Environmental degradation has occurred in various ecosystems in the world. This also carries out in the sea and even sometimes threaten human life, whether directly or indirectly. Likewise, events in the marine environment associated with poisoning, caused by toxic algae such as dinoflagellates. To see the progress the survey research was conducted on Thallasia sp to see the growth of toxic dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis and Prorocentrum in the Nirwana Coast Padang. The data analysis uses two-way statistics with Turkey's Advanced Test. The results showed that Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis almost the same number and were still low. High striking results occurred on Prorocentrum which differed markedly from both Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis. This results also significantly different among stations.