Evaluation of accuracy of the Finnish elbow dysplasia screening protocol in Labrador retrievers

Elbow incongruity plays an important role in the development of elbow dysplasia and its diagnosis can be challenging. The objectives of this systematic review were to discuss elbow biomechanics and recent advances in the assessment of incongruity, to revise the diagnostic protocols suggested, debate advantages and disadvantages of measurements proposed to characterize the joint and improve screening.In spite of advances in the understanding of elbow incongruity, the exact mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated. The elbow is a complex joint and structures in contact differ in different phases of the gait cycle. Advances in the biomechanical field allowed new discoveries and a physiological type of incongruity was described. The next challenge is to unravel the dynamic incongruity. Radiology and computed tomography (CT) are nowadays the imaging tools more applied in clinical practice to quantify incongruity. But a CT standardized screening protocol is required. Most reported findings of incongruity were increased articular joint spaces. The proximity of joint structures and standardization of elbow positioning are identified as the main obstacles to a good interpretation. This review serves to highlight controversy between physiological types of cartilage covering described and pathological changes reported in arthroscopic studies. Radioulnar incongruity was reported more often than humeroulnar incongruity, yet prevalence studies are lacking. Sensitive and reproducible methodologies are in development, which seem primordial to assess the phenotypic heterogeneity.

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Phenotypic and genetic evaluation of elbow dysplasia in Dutch Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Bernese Mountain dogs

The Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.01.001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 193 (2) ◽

pp. 486-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

I.C.M. Lavrijsen ◽

H.C.M. Heuven ◽

G. Voorhout ◽

B.P. Meij ◽

L.F.H. Theyse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Evaluation ◽

Elbow Dysplasia ◽

Labrador Retrievers

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Bone dysplasias in the labrador retriever: a radiographic study

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association ◽

10.5326/15473317-35-4-332 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 332-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

JP Morgan ◽

A Wind ◽

AP Davidson

Keyword(s):

Humeral Head ◽

Elbow Joint ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Femoral Condyle ◽

Radiographic Study ◽

Stifle Joint ◽

Elbow Dysplasia ◽

Bone Dysplasias ◽

One Year ◽

Labrador Retrievers

A radiographic study of the humeral head, elbow joint, hip joint, stifle joint, tarsal joint, and lumbosacral (LS) junction was performed in 1,018 Labrador retrievers in search for humeral head, femoral condyle, and tarsal osteochondroses; elbow and hip dysplasias; and transitional LS vertebrae. The ages of all dogs reported were one year or older. Elbow dysplasia was detected as the most common lesion (17.8%), with a higher prevalence in the male dog. Hip dysplasia was the second most common lesion (12.6%) and was found equally in the male and female. Elbows and hips were often affected in the same dog (4.2%). Transitional vertebral segments were found more frequently in the female (4.2%) than in the male (1.0%), and the condition was thought to be inherited.

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Phenotypic hip and elbow dysplasia trends in Rottweilers and Labrador retrievers in South Africa (2007–2015): Are we making progress?

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v88i0.1534 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert M. Kirberger

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Group Scheme ◽

The United States ◽

Similar Data ◽

Elbow Dysplasia ◽

The World ◽

A Minor ◽

Labrador Retrievers ◽

Over Time

Canine hip and elbow dysplasia are major orthopaedic problems prevalent the world over, and South Africa is no exception. Hip and elbow dysplasia phenotypic status is certified by a number of different radiographic schemes in the world. South Africa uses the Fédération Cynologique Internationale system to certify hips, and the International Elbow Working Group scheme to certify elbows. One way of reducing these often crippling conditions is by selective breeding using only dogs with no or marginal dysplastic joints. In South Africa, only seven breeds, including the Rottweiler, have breeding restrictions for hip dysplasia. There are no such restrictions for elbow dysplasia. This study assessed the prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia over a 9-year-period in the Rottweiler and the Labrador retriever in South Africa as evaluated by official national scrutineers. Records from 1148 Rottweilers and 909 Labrador retrievers were obtained and were graded as normal or dysplastic, and numerical values were also evaluated. Data were compared between the two breeds, males and females as well as over time and were compared with similar data of the Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals in the United States. The prevalence values for hip dysplasia in Rottweilers and Labrador retrievers were 22% and 31%, respectively, whereas for elbow dysplasia the values were 39% and 19%, respectively. In Labrador retrievers, this incidence was much higher than in the American population. Rottweiler hip and elbow dysplasia numerical scores significantly improved over time, whereas in Labrador retrievers, only hip dysplasia showed a minor but significant improvement. This study proved that prescribing minimum breeding requirements, as in the Rottweiler in this study, significantly improved the breeding stock, suggesting that minimum hip and elbow breeding requirements should be initiated for all breeds at risk of these often crippling conditions.

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COMPARISON OF PR3/MPO-ANCA METHODS IN A PR3/MPO-FIRST ANCA SCREENING PROTOCOL

10.26226/morressier.56e174d1d462b8028d88a518 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Holding

Keyword(s):

Screening Protocol

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Discovery of New AKT1 Inhibitors by Combination of In silico Structure Based Virtual Screening Approaches and Biological Evaluations

10.26434/chemrxiv.7591202 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Filip Fratev ◽

Denisse A. Gutierrez ◽

Renato J. Aguilera ◽

suman sirimulla

Keyword(s):

Virtual Screening ◽

Success Rate ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

In Silico ◽

Biological Data ◽

In Vitro Binding ◽

Vitro Binding ◽

Screening Protocol ◽

Screening Approaches

AKT1 is emerging as a useful target for treating cancer. Herein, we discovered a new set of ligands that inhibit the AKT1, as shown by in vitro binding and cell line studies, using a newly designed virtual screening protocol that combines structure-based pharmacophore and docking screens. Taking together with the biological data, the combination of structure based pharamcophore and docking methods demonstrated reasonable success rate in identifying new inhibitors (60-70%) proving the success of aforementioned approach. A detail analysis of the ligand-protein interactions was performed explaining observed activities.<br>

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