Aesthetic Medicine

GalynaViktorovnaKhrushch plastic surgeon, maxillofacial surgeon, international candidat ASPS, Periorbital area is worthily considered as one of the most complicated regions in terms of correction of the age-related changes using injection techniques of medical aesthetics. According to the classification of I.I. Kolgunenko Russian (1974), tired morph type of age-related changes which is the most physiological type of aging, incorporates changes mainly focused in the middle third of the face, including in the periorbital area. These changes include the formation of grooves (tear trough, palpebromalar groove, nasojugal groove) (Figure 1), dark under-eye circles, mimic wrinkles formation, fat compartment displacement, change in mimic muscle tone, stretching of ligamentous structures, overhang of the upper eyelid.

Role of Elbow Incongruity in Canine Elbow Dysplasia: Advances in Diagnostics and Biomechanics

Elbow incongruity plays an important role in the development of elbow dysplasia and its diagnosis can be challenging. The objectives of this systematic review were to discuss elbow biomechanics and recent advances in the assessment of incongruity, to revise the diagnostic protocols suggested, debate advantages and disadvantages of measurements proposed to characterize the joint and improve screening.In spite of advances in the understanding of elbow incongruity, the exact mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated. The elbow is a complex joint and structures in contact differ in different phases of the gait cycle. Advances in the biomechanical field allowed new discoveries and a physiological type of incongruity was described. The next challenge is to unravel the dynamic incongruity. Radiology and computed tomography (CT) are nowadays the imaging tools more applied in clinical practice to quantify incongruity. But a CT standardized screening protocol is required. Most reported findings of incongruity were increased articular joint spaces. The proximity of joint structures and standardization of elbow positioning are identified as the main obstacles to a good interpretation. This review serves to highlight controversy between physiological types of cartilage covering described and pathological changes reported in arthroscopic studies. Radioulnar incongruity was reported more often than humeroulnar incongruity, yet prevalence studies are lacking. Sensitive and reproducible methodologies are in development, which seem primordial to assess the phenotypic heterogeneity.

Hypoexcitability precedes denervation in the large fast-contracting motor units in two unrelated mouse models of ALS

Hyperexcitability has been suggested to contribute to motoneuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). If this is so, and given that the physiological type of a motor unit determines the relative susceptibility of its motoneuron in ALS, then one would expect the most vulnerable motoneurons to display the strongest hyperexcitability prior to their degeneration, whereas the less vulnerable should display a moderate hyperexcitability, if any. We tested this hypothesis in vivo in two unrelated ALS mouse models by correlating the electrical properties of motoneurons with their physiological types, identified based on their motor unit contractile properties. We found that, far from being hyperexcitable, the most vulnerable motoneurons become unable to fire repetitively despite the fact that their neuromuscular junctions were still functional. Disease markers confirm that this loss of function is an early sign of degeneration. Our results indicate that intrinsic hyperexcitability is unlikely to be the cause of motoneuron degeneration.

Seed biology, dormancy and phenophases of seed germination of three rare Himalayan herbs

The three of the Astavarga (8) species, Lilium polyphyllum (Kshirakakoli), Polygonatum verticillatum (Meda) and P. cirrhifolium (Mahameda), were included in the study. The seed viability test showed very low viability (22.5%) for L. polyphyllum, which was improved by hand pollination. These species possessed seed dormancy from 28 days to over two years. Gibberelic acid treatments of 1000 and 2000 ppm in combination with scarification of soaked seeds gave species specific results for breaking seed dormancy. The species included were described to have deep simple epicotyls morpho-physiological type of dormancy. They were found to have peculiar phenophases of seed germination, which have been discussed in detail along with diagrams.

CFD Challenge: Experimental Benchmarking Data for the Pressure Drop Across a Cerebral Aneurysm Model

Since 2006, the GMedTech biomedical research centre in the Galway Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT) in the west of Ireland has developed capabilities for generating physiological type flow conditions through realistic vascular models based on medical images. The GMedTech centre has designed and developed a number of fully controlled and instrumented synchronised experimental test systems for testing in the abdominal aorta, coronary, venous and intracranial vessels with and without associated disease types. The experimental testing was performed by PhD candidate Paul Fahy and his supervisors Dr. Liam Morris and Dr. Patrick Delassus.

The effect of force on thermodynamics and kinetics: unfolding single RNA molecules

We have used laser tweezers to unfold single RNA molecules at room temperature and in physiological-type solvents. The forces necessary to unfold the RNAs are over the range 10–20 pN, forces that can be generated by cellular enzymes. The Gibbs free energy for the unfolding of TAR (transactivation-responsive) RNA from HIV was found to be increased after the addition of argininamide; the TAR hairpin was stabilized. The rate of unfolding was decreased and the rate of folding was increased by argininamide.