Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism Independently Influences Recovery of Male Sexual Function After Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Postsurgical Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Aim. To evaluate the independent role of androgen receptor (AR) gene CAG repeat polymorphism on metabolic effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in male postsurgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a condition frequently associated with hypopituitarism and in which the TRT-related metabolic effects are combined with those deriving from concomitant administration of metabolically active pituitary-function replacement therapies.Methods. 15 men affected by postsurgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were evaluated before and after TRT. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), pituitary-dependent hormones, and AR gene CAG repeat polymorphism were considered.Results. Testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and estradiol were the only hormones, which varied significantly between the two phases. All CVRFs significantly improved after TRT. The number of CAG triplets was positively and significantly correlated with all the variations (Δ-) of CVRFs (except for a significant negative correlation with Δ-high-density lipoprotein); the opposite occurred between the latter and Δ-testosterone. No correlation between Δ-IGF-1 or estradiol and Δ-CVRFs was found. At multiple linear regression, after correction for Δ-testosterone, nearly all the associations between the number of CAG triplets and Δ-CVRFs were confirmed.Conclusions. In male postsurgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, shorter AR gene CAG tract length seems to yield greater metabolic improvement after TRT, independently of the effects of concomitant pituitary-function replacement therapies.

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Association Between Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism and Plasma Testosterone Levels in Postmenopausal Women

Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation ◽

10.1016/j.jsgi.2004.11.003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 135-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Ilma Simoni Brum ◽

Poli Mara Spritzer ◽

Franyoise Paris ◽

Maria Augusta Maturana ◽

Franyoise Audran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Androgen Receptor ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Androgen Receptor Gene ◽

Cag Repeat ◽

Plasma Testosterone ◽

Repeat Polymorphism ◽

Testosterone Levels

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Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Polymorphism Modulates Change in Triglycerides, Diastolic Blood Pressure and PSA during Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Men with Metabolic Syndrome or Type 2 Diabetes – The TIMES2 Study

10.1210/endo-meetings.2011.part1.p15.p1-330 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. P1-330-P1-330

Author(s):

Roger D Stanworth ◽

Samia Akhtar ◽

Kevin S Channer ◽

Julian D Howell ◽

T Hugh Jones

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Androgen Receptor ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Cag Repeat ◽

Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽

Repeat Polymorphism

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Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism in the Development of Ovarian Hyperandrogenism

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2002-021791 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 88 (7) ◽

pp. 3333-3338 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Lourdes Ibáñez ◽

Ken K. Ong ◽

Nigel Mongan ◽

Jarmo Jääskeläinen ◽

Maria Victoria Marcos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Androgen Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Androgen Receptor Gene ◽

Cag Repeat ◽

Repeat Polymorphism ◽

Ovarian Hyperandrogenism

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CAG Repeat Polymorphism in the Androgen Receptor Gene in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.110894 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 10-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

VIOLETTA DZIEDZIEJKO ◽

MATEUSZ KURZAWSKI ◽

KRZYSZTOF SAFRANOW ◽

ANDRZEJ OSSOWSKI ◽

JAROSLAW PIATEK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Androgen Receptor ◽

White Women ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Study Groups ◽

Androgen Receptor Gene ◽

Cag Repeat ◽

Cag Repeats ◽

Repeat Polymorphism ◽

Erosive Disease

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease, with a genetic and hormonal background. The prevalence of women among patients with RA suggests the important role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of RA. We examined the association between CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR) gene and susceptibility to RA and its clinical features in white women.Methods.The study groups consisted of 325 female patients with RA and 238 female controls. CAG repeat polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction and subsequent fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis.Results.The number of CAG repeats in patients did not differ from that of controls (22.1 ± 2.9 vs 21.9 ± 2.9, respectively; p = 0.26), but the presence of articular erosions was associated with a lower number of repeats in the shorter allele of patients with RA (20.4 ± 2.2 vs 21.2 ± 2.4; p = 0.031). When alleles with < 22 CAG were classified as short (S) and those with ≥ 22 CAG as long (L), the age at diagnosis of RA was lower in women with S-S genotype in comparison to combined S-L + L-L genotypes (43.0 ± 14.6 yrs vs 47.6 ± 12.5 yrs; p = 0.021). In patients with the L-L genotype, the frequency of erosive disease (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25–0.80, p = 0.0085) and extraarticular manifestations (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.26–0.98, p = 0.047) was lower in comparison to carriers of the S allele. In multivariate analysis, the L-L genotype was an independent factor associated with a lower risk of erosions (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.90, p = 0.024).Conclusion.The results suggest the association of short AR (CAG)n alleles with earlier onset and a more aggressive course of RA.

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