scholarly journals Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism Regulates the Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Male Postsurgical Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Tirabassi ◽  
Nicola delli Muti ◽  
Giovanni Corona ◽  
Mario Maggi ◽  
Giancarlo Balercia
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Testosterone Replacement ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism

Aim. To evaluate the independent role of androgen receptor (AR) gene CAG repeat polymorphism on metabolic effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in male postsurgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a condition frequently associated with hypopituitarism and in which the TRT-related metabolic effects are combined with those deriving from concomitant administration of metabolically active pituitary-function replacement therapies.Methods. 15 men affected by postsurgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were evaluated before and after TRT. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), pituitary-dependent hormones, and AR gene CAG repeat polymorphism were considered.Results. Testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and estradiol were the only hormones, which varied significantly between the two phases. All CVRFs significantly improved after TRT. The number of CAG triplets was positively and significantly correlated with all the variations (Δ-) of CVRFs (except for a significant negative correlation with Δ-high-density lipoprotein); the opposite occurred between the latter and Δ-testosterone. No correlation between Δ-IGF-1 or estradiol and Δ-CVRFs was found. At multiple linear regression, after correction for Δ-testosterone, nearly all the associations between the number of CAG triplets and Δ-CVRFs were confirmed.Conclusions. In male postsurgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, shorter AR gene CAG tract length seems to yield greater metabolic improvement after TRT, independently of the effects of concomitant pituitary-function replacement therapies.

Association Between Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism and Plasma Testosterone Levels in Postmenopausal Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Simoni Brum ◽  
Poli Mara Spritzer ◽  
Franyoise Paris ◽  
Maria Augusta Maturana ◽  
Franyoise Audran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Testosterone Levels

scholarly journals Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism in the Development of Ovarian Hyperandrogenism

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 3333-3338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Ibáñez ◽  
Ken K. Ong ◽  
Nigel Mongan ◽  
Jarmo Jääskeläinen ◽  
Maria Victoria Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Ovarian Hyperandrogenism

scholarly journals Polymorphisms of the Androgen Receptor Gene and the Estrogen Receptor β Gene Are Associated with Androgen Levels in Women1

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 2562-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Westberg ◽  
Fariba Baghaei ◽  
Roland Rosmond ◽  
Monika Hellstrand ◽  
Mikael Landén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Cag Repeats ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Ca Repeat ◽  
Androgen Levels

To elucidate the possible role of genetic variation in androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), and ERβ on serum androgen levels in premenopausal women, the CAG repeat polymorphism of the AR gene, the TA repeat polymorphism of the ERα gene, and the CA repeat polymorphism of the ERβ gene were studied in a population-based cohort of 270 women. Total testosterone, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 3α-androstanediol glucuronide, 17β-estradiol, LH, FSH, and sex steroid hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in serum samples obtained in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Women with relatively few CAG repeats in the AR gene, resulting in higher transcriptional activity of the receptor, displayed higher levels of serum androgens, but lower levels of LH, than women with longer CAG repeat sequences. The CA repeat of the ERβ gene also was associated with androgen and SHBG levels; women with relatively short repeat regions hence displayed higher hormone levels and lower SHBG levels than those with many CA repeats. In contrast, the TA repeat of the ERα gene was not associated with the levels of any of the hormones measured. Our results suggest that the serum levels of androgens in premenopausal women may be influenced by variants of the AR gene and the ERβ gene, respectively.

CAG Repeat Polymorphism in the Androgen Receptor Gene in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIOLETTA DZIEDZIEJKO ◽  
MATEUSZ KURZAWSKI ◽  
KRZYSZTOF SAFRANOW ◽  
ANDRZEJ OSSOWSKI ◽  
JAROSLAW PIATEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
White Women ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Cag Repeats ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Erosive Disease

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease, with a genetic and hormonal background. The prevalence of women among patients with RA suggests the important role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of RA. We examined the association between CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR) gene and susceptibility to RA and its clinical features in white women.Methods.The study groups consisted of 325 female patients with RA and 238 female controls. CAG repeat polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction and subsequent fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis.Results.The number of CAG repeats in patients did not differ from that of controls (22.1 ± 2.9 vs 21.9 ± 2.9, respectively; p = 0.26), but the presence of articular erosions was associated with a lower number of repeats in the shorter allele of patients with RA (20.4 ± 2.2 vs 21.2 ± 2.4; p = 0.031). When alleles with < 22 CAG were classified as short (S) and those with ≥ 22 CAG as long (L), the age at diagnosis of RA was lower in women with S-S genotype in comparison to combined S-L + L-L genotypes (43.0 ± 14.6 yrs vs 47.6 ± 12.5 yrs; p = 0.021). In patients with the L-L genotype, the frequency of erosive disease (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25–0.80, p = 0.0085) and extraarticular manifestations (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.26–0.98, p = 0.047) was lower in comparison to carriers of the S allele. In multivariate analysis, the L-L genotype was an independent factor associated with a lower risk of erosions (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.90, p = 0.024).Conclusion.The results suggest the association of short AR (CAG)n alleles with earlier onset and a more aggressive course of RA.

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