Big competition for small spots? Conspecific density drives home range size in male and female leopards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Roex ◽  
G. K. H. Mann ◽  
L. T. B. Hunter ◽  
G. A. Balme
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Conspecific Density

Isometric scaling in home-range size of male and female bobcats (Lynx rufus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1052-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam W. Ferguson ◽  
Nathan A. Currit ◽  
Floyd W. Weckerly
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

For solitary carnivores a polygynous mating system should lead to predictable patterns in space-use dynamics. Females should be most influenced by resource distribution and abundance, whereas polygynous males should be strongly influenced by female spatial dynamics. We gathered mean annual home-range-size estimates for male and female bobcats ( Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777)) from previous studies to address variation in home-range size for this solitary, polygynous carnivore that ranges over much of North America. Mean annual home ranges for bobcats (171 males, 214 females) from 29 populations covering the entire north to south and east to west range demonstrated female home-range sizes varied more than an order of magnitude and that, on average, males maintained home ranges 1.65 times the size of females. Male home-range sizes scaled isometrically with female home-range sizes indicating that male bobcats increase their home-range size proportional to female home-range size. Using partial correlation analysis we also detected an inverse relationship between environmental productivity, estimated using the normalized difference vegetation index, and home-range size for females but not males. This study provides one of the few empirical assessments of how polygyny influences home-range dynamics for a wide-ranging carnivore.

Differences in the foraging behaviour of male and female Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M.R. Barclay ◽  
D.S. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Males And Females

Male and female animals frequently have different foraging behaviours owing to differences in body size or nutritional demand, or to intraspecific competition. We studied foraging by Egyptian fruit bats ( Rousettus aegyptiacus (E. Geoffroy, 1810)) in Cape Town, South Africa, to test predictions based on differences in nutritional demand during reproduction. Using radiotelemetry, we compared emergence, return, and foraging times of males and females during pregnancy and lactation. We also determined home-range size, habitat use, and use of figs (genus Ficus L.), which are a potential source of calcium for lactating females. During the pregnancy period, males left their roost later than females and were away from the roost for shorter periods. There were no differences in timing of foraging during lactation. Females foraged in native forest more than males did, but home-range size did not differ. There was no evidence that females fed on figs more than males did. Differences in foraging behaviour were not as predicted based on nutritional and energetic differences. The small population may have meant that there was little competition for food, and figs may have provided a profitable source of energy for both males and females. Differences in the timing of foraging are best explained by the need for males to defend roosting sites.

Home ranges of free-ranging cats (Felis catus) in Brooklyn, New York

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Haspel ◽  
Robert E. Calhoon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Utilization Distribution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Free Ranging

Home range size is stable among free-ranging cats in Brooklyn, New York. Marked male and female cats had mean home ranges of 2.6 (95% CI, 2.38–2.87) and 1.7 ha (95% CI, 1.57–1.98), respectively, as estimated by the population utilization distribution. Males had significantly larger home ranges, used the perimeter of their ranges more, and had greater variability in home range size than females. Gender differences in body weight accounted for observed differences in home range size; the seeking of estrous females by males could not account for differences in male and female home ranges. The availability of garbage or abandoned buildings, neighborhood, season, or experimental supplementary feeding did not influence home range size.

scholarly journals Contribution to the knowledge of spatial movements of adult Hermann’s tortoises

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-677
Author(s):  
Dragana Stojadinovic ◽  
Tijana Cubric ◽  
Djuradj Milosevic ◽  
Bogdan Jovanovic ◽  
Jelena Corovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Calculated Average

We recorded the movements of adult Eastern Hermann?s tortoises (Testudo hermanni boettgeri) in a local population situated in a complex forested habitat system. The average total movement range size (TMRS) calculated over three consecutive years was 4.56 ha and 7.53 ha for males and females, respectively. The largest estimated TMRS of male and female tortoises was 27 ha and 90 ha, respectively. Six females and three males (or 9% and 4%, respectively, of the overall sample) had a movement range size (MRS) greater than 10 ha. Significant differences between male and female MRS were not detected. Body size had no influence on the MRS of individuals in the sample, except on the core movement range size (CMRS) in males. Although the collected data did not enable calculation of the home range in the studied population, the results indicate that the calculated average TMRS of local Hermann tortoises is larger than the average home range in some other populations. Therefore, in the absence of information on the home range size of local adult tortoises, the MRS could be a suitable alternative for planning local species reserves.

scholarly journals Intensity of space use reveals conditional sex‐specific effects of prey and conspecific density on home range size

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2957-2967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Aronsson ◽  
Matthew Low ◽  
José V. López‐Bao ◽  
Jens Persson ◽  
John Odden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Conspecific Density ◽  
Specific Effects

Seasonal changes in home-range area and habitat use by the agile wallaby (Macropus agilis)

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. Stirrat
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Male And Female

Radio-tagged male and female agile wallabies were tracked in the wet and dry seasons at a site in Darwin, Northern Territory, and home ranges estimated using a kernel-based estimator. Home-range size (95% contour) was larger in the dry season, when food quality was poorer, and males had larger home ranges than females. Core range size (55% contour) did not differ between seasons or sexes. Average male and female home-range sizes in the wet season were 16.6 ha and 11.3 ha respectively. Wet-season core range sizes were 4.8 ha and 3.2 ha respectively. Average male and female home-range sizes in the dry season were 24.6 ha and 15.3 ha respectively, and dry-season core range sizes were 5.1 ha and 4.0 ha respectively. Home-range size for both sexes varied in the two seasons; the smallest and largest female home ranges were 6.3 ha and 24.0 ha respectively, while male home-range size varied from 7.6 ha to 38.2 ha. Seasonal differences in home-range size can be attributed to expansion of night-time foraging areas in the dry season when good-quality food resources were in short supply. Habitat use also differed between seasons. In the dry season more fixes were located in forest areas, particularly in the evening, when wallabies foraged in forest areas for alternate food resources including browse, leaf litter, flowers and fruits of rainforest tree and shrub species. In the wet season, wallabies emerged from day-time resting areas earlier in the afternoon and therefore more wallabies were located in open areas grazing on high-quality herbage in the evening.

scholarly journals Home Range and Residency Status of Northern Goshawks Breeding in Minnesota

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-816
Author(s):  
Clint W. Boal ◽  
David E. Andersen ◽  
Patricia L. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Accipiter Gentilis ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Northern Goshawks

Abstract We used radio-telemetry to estimate breeding season home-range size of 17 male and 11 female Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) and combined home ranges of 10 pairs of breeding goshawks in Minnesota. Home-range sizes for male and female goshawks were 2593 and 2494 ha, respectively, using the minimum convex polygon, and 3927 and 5344 ha, respectively, using the 95% fixed kernel. Home ranges of male and female members of 10 goshawk pairs were smaller than combined home-range size of those pairs (mean difference = 3527 ha; 95% CI = 891 to 6164 ha). Throughout the nonbreeding season, the maximum distance from the nest recorded for all but one goshawk was 12.4 km. Goshawks breeding in Minnesota have home ranges similar to or larger than those reported in most other areas. Home-range overlap between members of breeding pairs was typically ≤50%, and both members of breeding pairs were associated with breeding home ranges year round. Goshawk management plans based on estimated home-range size of individual hawks may substantially underestimate the area actually used by a nesting pair. Rango de Hogar y Estatus de Residencia de Individuos de Accipiter gentilis que se Reproducen en Minnesota Resumen. Utilizamos radiotelemetría durante la época reproductiva para estimar el tamaño del rango de hogar de 17 machos y 11 hembras de Accipiter gentilis y los rangos de hogar combinados de 10 parejas reproductivas en Minnesota. Los rangos de hogar de machos y hembras fueron de 2593 y 2494 ha, respectivamente, usando el mínimo polígono convexo, y de 3927 y 5344 ha, respectivamente, usando el “kernel” fijo del 95%. Los rangos de hogar de los miembros machos y hembras de las 10 parejas fueron más pequeños que el tamaño del rango de hogar combinado de dichas parejas (diferencia promedio = 3527 ha; 95% I.C. = 891 a 6164 ha). A través de la época no reproductiva, la distancia máxima desde el nido registrada para todos menos un individuo fue de 12.4 km. Los individuos que se reproducen en Minnesota tienen rangos de hogar similares o mayores que los reportados en la mayoría de otras áreas. La superposición entre los rangos de hogar de miembros de parejas reproductivas fue típicamente ≤50%, y ambos miembros de las parejas estuvieron asociados con rangos de hogar reproductivos a través del año. Los planes de manejo para A. gentilis basados en estimaciones del tamaño del rango de hogar de halcones individuales podrían subestimar sustancialmente el área realmente utilizada por una pareja nidificante.

Foraging Habitat, Home-Range Size and Diet of a Mediterranean Bat Species, Savi's Pipistrelle

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Marina Kipson ◽  
Martin Šálek ◽  
Radek Lučan ◽  
Marcel Uhrin ◽  
Edita Maxinová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Foraging Habitat

scholarly journals Green morays (Gymnothorax funebris) have sedentary ways in mangrove bays, but also ontogenetic forays to reef enclaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Kendall ◽  
Laughlin Siceloff ◽  
Ashley Ruffo ◽  
Arliss Winship ◽  
Mark E. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Site ◽  
Single Night ◽  
Exploratory Movements ◽  
Moray Eel

AbstractSurprisingly, little is known about basic life history of the largest moray eel species in the Caribbean region, the green moray eel (Gymnothorax funebris). Sixteen eels were captured from the mangrove fringe in multiple bays on St. Croix, USVI, implanted with coded acoustic transmitters, and their movements were tracked for up to 11 months using an array of 37 stationary acoustic receivers. They exhibited high site fidelity in the bays during their residence, using the same general parts of individual bays and did not switch bays except for one individual. There was no relationship between eel size (mean TL = 83 cm, range = 54–126 cm) and home range size (mean area of 95% KUD = 5.8 ha ± 0.7 SE). Most individuals were more frequently detected at night than during the day suggesting greater nocturnal activity. Several of the larger eels (mean TL = 93 cm ± 5.9 SE) showed clear and permanent emigration tracks out of the mangrove estuary to coral reef habitats offshore. For some individuals, these habitat shifts were preceded by exploratory movements away from the eel’s typical home range the night before emigration. All final emigration events took place nocturnally, happened during a single night, and occurred during months from December to May. Mean emigration speed was 3.4 km/h. This study is the first documentation of an ontogenetic habitat shift in moray eels, as well as the first determination of home range size for this species and their site fidelity in mangrove habitats.

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