scholarly journals The Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector RipAY targets plant redox regulators to suppress immune responses

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Sang ◽  
Yaru Wang ◽  
Hong Ni ◽  
Anne-Claire Cazalé ◽  
Yi-Min She ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii

scholarly journals Functional diversification of the GALA type III effector family contributes to Ralstonia solanacearum adaptation on different plant hosts

2011 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Remigi ◽  
Maria Anisimova ◽  
Alice Guidot ◽  
Stéphane Genin ◽  
Nemo Peeters
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Plant Hosts

scholarly journals Differential modulation of plant immune responses by diverse members of the Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi HopAF type III effector family

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pilar Castañeda-Ojeda ◽  
Emilia López-Solanilla ◽  
Cayo Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Differential Modulation ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii

scholarly journals Interaction of the Xanthomonas effectors XopQ and XopX results in induction of rice immune responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohini Deb ◽  
Palash Ghosh ◽  
Hitendra K. Patel ◽  
Ramesh V. Sonti
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii Effectors ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Do So

SummaryXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae uses several type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors, namely XopN, XopQ, XopX, and XopZ, to suppress rice immune responses that are induced following treatment with cell wall degrading enzymes. Here we show that the T3SS secreted effector XopX interacts with two of the eight rice 14-3-3 proteins. Mutants of XopX that are defective in 14-3-3 binding are also defective in suppression of immune responses, suggesting that interaction with 14-3-3 proteins is required for suppression of host innate immunity. However, Agrobacterium mediated delivery of both XopX and XopQ into rice cells results in induction of rice immune responses. These immune responses are not observed when either protein is individually delivered into rice cells. XopQ-XopX induced rice immune responses are not observed in a XopX mutant that is defective in 14-3-3 binding. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays indicate that XopQ and XopX interact with each other. In a screen for Xanthomonas effectors which can suppress XopQ-XopX induced rice immune responses, five effectors were identified, namely XopU, XopV, XopP, XopG and AvrBs2, which were able to do so. These results suggest a complex interplay of Xanthomonas T3SS effectors in suppression of pathogen triggered immunity and effector triggered immunity to promote virulence on rice.Significance statementThis work studies the role of the type III effector XopX in the suppression and induction of rice immune responses, by differential interaction with the 14-3-3 proteins, or with the type III effector XopQ respectively. We have also identified a subset of type III effectors which can suppress this form of immune responses.

scholarly journals Identification of novel Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector proteins through translocation analysis of hrpB-regulated gene products

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 2235-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Mukaihara ◽  
Naoyuki Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Effector Genes

The Hrp type III secretion system (TTSS) is essential for the pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum on host plants. Hrp TTSS is a specialized secretion system that injects virulence proteins, the so-called type III effector proteins, into plant cells. In R. solanacearum, the expression of Hrp TTSS-related genes is regulated by an AraC-type transcriptional activator, HrpB. We have identified 30 hrpB-regulated hpx ( hrpB-dependent expression) genes and three well-known hrpB-regulated genes, popA, popB and popC, as candidate effector genes in R. solanacearum strain RS1000. In this study, we newly cloned 11 additional candidate effector genes that share homology with known hpx genes from R. solanacearum RS1000. Using a Cya reporter system, we investigated the translocation of these 44 gene products into plant cells via the Hrp TTSS and identified 34 effector proteins. These include three effector families composed of more than four members, namely the Hpx4, Hpx30 and GALA families. The Hpx30 family effectors are 2200–2500 aa in size and appear to be the largest class of effector proteins among animal- and plant-pathogenic bacteria. Members of this family contain 12–18 tandem repeats of a novel 42 aa motif, designated SKWP repeats.

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