scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis and functional validation reveal a novel gene, BcCGF1 , that enhances fungal virulence by promoting infection‐related development and host penetration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming‐Zhe Zhang ◽  
Chen‐Hao Sun ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Hui‐Qiang Feng ◽  
Hao‐Wu Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Functional Validation ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Novel Gene ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Host Penetration

scholarly journals Analogous and Diverse Functions of APSES-Type Transcription Factors in the Morphogenesis of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium rileyi

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiyan Xin ◽  
Jinping Zhang ◽  
Siji Nian ◽  
Guangxi Wang ◽  
Zhongkang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dimorphic Transition ◽  
Metarhizium Rileyi ◽  
Fungal Morphogenesis

ABSTRACT APSES-type transcription factors (TFs) have analogous and diverse functions in the regulation of fungal morphogenesis processes. However, little is known about these functions in microsclerotium formation. In this study, we characterized two orthologous APSES genes (MrStuA and MrXbp) in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi. Deletion of either MrStuA or MrXbp impaired dimorphic transition, conidiation, fungal virulence, and microsclerotium formation. Compared with the wild-type strain, ΔMrStuA and ΔMrXbp mutants were hypersensitive to thermal and oxidative stress. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that MrStuA and MrXbp independently regulate their own distinctive subsets of signaling pathways during dimorphic transition and microsclerotium formation, but they also show an overlapping regulation of genes during these two distinct morphogenesis processes. These results provide a global insight into vital roles of MrStuA and MrXbp in M. rileyi and aid in dissection of the interacting regulatory mechanisms of dimorphism transition and microsclerotium development. IMPORTANCE Transcription factors (TFs) are core components of the signaling pathway and play an important role in transcriptional regulation of gene expression during fungal morphogenesis processes. A prevailing theory suggests an interplay between different TFs regulating microsclerotial differentiation; however, the persisting issue remains that these interplay mechanisms are not clear. Here, we analyzed two members of the APSES-type TFs in Metarhizium rileyi using a gene deletion strategy and transcriptome analysis. Mutants were significantly impaired in microsclerotium formation and dimorphic transition. Transcriptome analysis provided evidence for interacting regulatory mechanisms by the two TFs in microsclerotium formation and dimorphic transition. Furthermore, we investigated their overlapping roles in mediating the expression of genes required for different fungal morphogenesis processes. Characterization of TFs in this study will aid in dissecting the interplay between regulatory mechanisms in fungal morphogenesis processes.

scholarly journals Modulation of fungal virulence through CRZ1 regulated F-BAR-dependent actin remodeling and endocytosis in chickpea infecting phytopathogen Ascochyta rabiei

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Sinha ◽  
Ankita Shree ◽  
Kunal Singh ◽  
Kamal Kumar ◽  
Vimlesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Membrane Remodeling ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Bar Domain ◽  
Early Endosomes ◽  
Host Penetration ◽  
Hyphal Tip

AbstractPolarized hyphal growth of filamentous pathogenic fungi is an essential event for host penetration and colonization. The long-range early endosomal trafficking during the hyphal growth is crucial for nutrient uptake, sensing of host-specific cues, and regulation of effector production. Bin1/Amphiphysin/Rvs167 (BAR) domain-containing proteins mediate fundamental cellular processes, including membrane remodeling and endocytosis. Here, we identified an F-BAR domain protein (ArF-BAR) in the necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta rabiei and demonstrate its involvement in endosome-dependent fungal virulence on the host plant, Cicer arietinum. We show that ArF-BAR regulates endocytosis at the hyphal tip, localizes to the early endosomes, and is involved in actin dynamics. Functional studies involving gene knockout and complementation experiments reveal that ArF-BAR is essential for virulence. The loss-of-function of ArF-BAR results in delayed formation of first septa from the hyphal tip, crucial for host penetration and proliferation. ArF-BAR was induced in response to oxidative stress and infection and localized to endocytic vesicles within the fungal hyphae. We also show that ArF-BAR is able to tubulate synthetic liposomes, suggesting the functional role of F-BAR domain in membrane tubule formation in vivo. Further, our studies identified a stress-induced transcription factor, ArCRZ1 (Calcineurin-responsive zinc finger 1) as key regulator for transcriptional reprogramming of ArF-BAR. We propose a model in which ArCRZ1 functions upstream of ArF-BAR to regulate fungal pathogenesis through a mechanism that involves membrane remodeling and actin cytoskeleton regulation.Author summaryBAR-domain superfamily is known to mold amorphous lipid bilayer into defined tubular shapes and critical for endosome formation and trafficking. Although these processes are studied earlier in the context of their structural and biochemical properties, there is limited evidence on the direct role of F-BAR domain proteins in the pathophysiological development of other economically important fungi. Our study assumes functional significance for plant infection as we identified an F-BAR domain-containing protein that is regulated by a distinct transcriptional network. We characterized F-BAR in a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Ascochyta rabiei that causes the Ascochyta blight (AB) disease in chickpea plants. Additionally, we have also identified a calcium-regulated CRZ1 transcription factor that regulates the transcription of ArF-BAR. Our study will help to understand the complex interplay underlying the endosome formation required for fungal virulence.

scholarly journals Modulation of fungal virulence through CRZ1 regulated F-BAR-dependent actin remodeling and endocytosis in chickpea infecting phytopathogen Ascochyta rabiei

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. e1009137
Author(s):  
Manisha Sinha ◽  
Ankita Shree ◽  
Kunal Singh ◽  
Kamal Kumar ◽  
Shreenivas Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Bar Domain ◽  
Early Endosomes ◽  
Host Penetration ◽  
Hyphal Tip

Polarized hyphal growth of filamentous pathogenic fungi is an essential event for host penetration and colonization. The long-range early endosomal trafficking during hyphal growth is crucial for nutrient uptake, sensing of host-specific cues, and regulation of effector production. Bin1/Amphiphysin/Rvs167 (BAR) domain-containing proteins mediate fundamental cellular processes, including membrane remodeling and endocytosis. Here, we identified a F-BAR domain protein (ArF-BAR) in the necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta rabiei and demonstrate its involvement in endosome-dependent fungal virulence on the host plant Cicer arietinum. We show that ArF-BAR regulates endocytosis at the hyphal tip, localizes to the early endosomes, and is involved in actin dynamics. Functional studies involving gene knockout and complementation experiments reveal that ArF-BAR is necessary for virulence. The loss-of-function of ArF-BAR gene results in delayed formation of apical septum in fungal cells near growing hyphal tip that is crucial for host penetration, and impaired secretion of a candidate effector having secretory signal peptide for translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The mRNA transcripts of ArF-BAR were induced in response to oxidative stress and infection. We also show that ArF-BAR is able to tubulate synthetic liposomes, suggesting the functional role of F-BAR domain in membrane tubule formation in vivo. Further, our studies identified a stress-induced transcription factor, ArCRZ1 (Calcineurin-responsive zinc finger 1), as key transcriptional regulator of ArF-BAR expression. We propose a model in which ArCRZ1 functions upstream of ArF-BAR to regulate A. rabiei virulence through a mechanism that involves endocytosis, effector secretion, and actin cytoskeleton regulation.

EMBJ08, a novel gene promoting cell proliferation

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S50-S50
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Dongxia Hao ◽  
Weiwei Deng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Shai Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Novel Gene

1650: Novel Gene Expression Markers in Renal Tumors Using Rt-PCR on Fixed Tissues Useful in Differentiating Histologic Subtypes

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 436-436
Author(s):  
John A. Petros ◽  
Audry N. Schuetz ◽  
Andrew N. Young ◽  
Q. Yin Goen ◽  
So Dug Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Novel Gene ◽  
Histologic Subtypes
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