scholarly journals Floral scent and pollinator visitation in relation to floral colour morph in the mixed‐mating annual herb Collinsia heterophylla

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias C. Larsson ◽  
Josefin A. Madjidian ◽  
Åsa Lankinen
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Floral Colour ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Colour Morph ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Annual Herb

scholarly journals Reproductive system of a mixed-mating plant responds to climate perturbation by increased selfing

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1766) ◽  
pp. 20131336 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Jones ◽  
B. C. Husband ◽  
A. S. MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Reproductive Assurance ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Chasmogamous Flowers

How plants respond to climatic perturbations, which are forecasted to increase in frequency and intensity, is difficult to predict because of the buffering effects of plasticity. Compensatory adjustments may maintain fecundity and recruitment, or delay negative changes that are inevitable but not immediately evident. We imposed a climate perturbation of warming and drought on a mixed-mating perennial violet, testing for adjustments in growth, reproduction and mortality. We observed several plasticity-based buffering responses, such that the climatic perturbation did not alter population structure. The most substantial reproductive adjustments, however, involved selfing, with a 45% increase in self-pollination by chasmogamous flowers, a 61% increase in the number of cleistogamous flowers that produced at least one fruit and an overall 15% increase in fruit production from selfed cleistogamous flowers. Reproductive assurance thus compensated for environmental change, including low pollinator visitation that occurred independently of our climate treatment. There was also no immediate evidence for inbreeding depression. Our work indicates that plants with vegetative and reproductive flexibility may not be immediately and negatively affected by a climatic perturbation. The stabilizing effects of these reproductive responses in the long term, however, may depend on the implications of significantly elevated levels of selfing.

scholarly journals Inbreeding in a dioecious plant has sex- and population origin-specific effects on its interactions with pollinators

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Schrieber ◽  
Sarah Catherine Paul ◽  
Levke Valena Höche ◽  
Andrea Cecilia Salas ◽  
Rabi Didszun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
Population Origin ◽  
Pollinating Insects

We study the effects of inbreeding in a dioecious plant on its interaction with pollinating insects and test whether the magnitude of such effects is shaped by plant individual sex and the evolutionary histories of plant populations. We recorded spatial, scent, colour and rewarding flower traits as well as pollinator visitation rates in experimentally inbred and outbred, male and female Silene latifolia plants from European and North American populations differing in their evolutionary histories. We found that inbreeding specifically impairs spatial flower traits and floral scent. Our results support that sex-specific selection and gene expression may have partially magnified these inbreeding costs for females, and that divergent evolutionary histories altered the genetic architecture underlying inbreeding effects across population origins. Moreover, the results indicate that inbreeding effects on floral scent may have a huge potential to disrupt interactions among plants and nocturnal moth pollinators, which are mediated by elaborate chemical communication.

Pollen limitation and cleistogamy in subalpine Viola praemorsa

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Forrest ◽  
James D. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Floral Displays

Early-flowering species may be especially susceptible to occasional pollen limitation and, therefore, may benefit from a mixed-mating strategy that provides reproductive assurance. We studied cleistogamous (CL) and chasmogamous (CH) fruit set of spring-flowering Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl. along an elevational gradient in the Rocky Mountains, testing whether pollen limitation or allocation to CL reproduction covaried with timing of flowering onset, within and across sites. Contrary to predictions, we found no pollen limitation of reproduction at any site, and variation among sites in the pattern of allocation to cleistogamy was not related to growing season length. Differences in reproductive strategy between early- and late-flowering plants within sites were attributable to differences in plant size, with relative allocation to cleistogamy increasing with size. This pattern has been found in some other cleistogamous species, and may indicate a cost of large CH floral displays, perhaps associated with geitonogamy or herbivory. We found no experimental evidence for resource reallocation in response to CH reproductive output, although a weak negative relationship between CH and CL fruit set across a larger sample of unmanipulated plants suggests such a trade-off. The significance of cleistogamy may be clarified by studying how pollinator visitation, self-pollination, and herbivore damage vary temporally and with floral display size.

scholarly journals A sensory bias overrides learned preferences of bumblebees for honest signals in Mimulus guttatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1948) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariela I. Haber ◽  
James W. Sims ◽  
Mark C. Mescher ◽  
Consuelo M. De Moraes ◽  
David E. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Mimulus Guttatus ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Sensory Bias ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Signal Honesty ◽  
Floral Volatile ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Pollination Strategy ◽  
Different Levels

Insect pollinators readily learn olfactory cues, and this is expected to select for ‘honest signals' that provide reliable information about floral rewards. However, plants might alternatively produce signals that exploit pollinators' sensory biases, thereby relaxing selection for signal honesty. We examined the innate and learned preferences of Bombus impatiens for Mimulus guttatus floral scent phenotypes corresponding to different levels of pollen rewards in the presence and absence of the innately attractive floral volatile compound β-trans-bergamotene. Bees learned to prefer honest signals after foraging on live M. guttatus flowers, but only exhibited this preference when presented floral scent phenotypes that did not include β-trans-bergamotene. Our results suggest that a sensory bias for β-trans-bergamotene overrides the ability of B. impatiens to use honest signals when foraging on M. guttatus . This may represent a deceptive pollination strategy that allows plants to minimize investment in costly rewards without incurring reduced rates of pollinator visitation.

Visnagin: A New Perspective of Medicinal Importance, Physiological Functions, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Analytical Aspects of Active Phytoconstituents of Ammi visnaga

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Kanika Patel ◽  
Mahfoozur Rahman ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Amita Verma ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Renal Colic ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Coronary Insufficiency ◽  
Ammi Visnaga ◽  
Low Blood Pressure ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
New Perspective

Background: Ammi visnaga commonly known as ‘honey plant, tooth pick fruit, bisnaga and khella’ is an important plant of Apiaceae family. It is an annual herb found in Europe, Asia, North Africa, Latin America and in India. Carrot, parsnip, celery, coriander, anise, caraway, cumin, parsley and dill are some other plants of the same family i.e., ‘Apiaceae’. Fruits of Ammi visnaga (A. visnaga) are medicinally used as a strong photosensitizer, diaphoretic, carminative and antispasmodic agents. Objective: A. visnaga has been used for the treatment of bronchial asthma, coronary insufficiency, angina pectoris, psoriasis, renal colic and ureteric stones. Visnagin (C13H10O4) is a ‘furanochromone derivative’ which is the main active constituent’s of A. visnaga. Visnagin is used for the treatment of low blood-pressure, angina pectoris and kidney stone. It also has neuroprotective and antiinflammatory activity. Moreover, visnagin also treat whooping cough, ureter and bile duct, gall bladder and renal colic, tumors and epileptic seizures. Methods: This review summarizes data’s regarding the biological importance, pharmacological uses and medicinal importance of A. visnaga and their important active constituent’s “visnagin”. Moreover, the detailed pharmacological aspects of visnagin were presented in this review. Further various analytical techniques used for the extraction and isolation of visnagin were also discussed. Studies related to the pharmacological profile of the plants and their active phytoconstituents are one of the leading areas of research. Conclusion: This review will be beneficial to the scientific society to understand the importance of A. visnaga plant and their active constituents ‘visnagin’for the development of alternative tools to treat disorders in the future.

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