scholarly journals Vegetative phase change in Populus tremula x alba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica H. Lawrence ◽  
Aaron R. Leichty ◽  
Erin E. Doody ◽  
Cathleen Ma ◽  
Steven H. Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vegetative Phase Change

scholarly journals Vegetative phase change in Populus tremula x alba

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica H. Lawrence ◽  
Aaron R. Leichty ◽  
Cathleen Ma ◽  
Steven H. Strauss ◽  
R. Scott Poethig
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
List Type ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vegetative Phase Change

SummaryPlants transition through juvenile and adult phases of vegetative development in a process known as vegetative phase change (VPC). In poplars (genus Populus) the differences between these stages are subtle, making it difficult to determine when this transition occurs. Previous studies of VPC in poplars have relied on plants propagated in vitro, so the normal nature of this process is still unknown.We examined developmental morphology of seed-grown and in vitro derived Populus tremula x alba (clone 717-1B4), and compared the phenotype of these, to plants over- and under-expressing miR156, the master regulator of VPC.In seed-grown plants, most traits changed from node-to-node during the first 3 months of development but remained relatively constant starting around node 25. Most of these traits remained unchanged in clones over-expressing miR156, demonstrating they are regulated by the miR156/SPL pathway. Leaf fluttering--a characteristic of Populus tremula (“quaking aspen”)--is one of these miR156-regulated traits.Vegetative development in plants grown from culture mirrored that of seed-grown plants, allowing direct comparison between plants often used in research and those found in nature. These results provide a foundation for further research on the role of VPC in the ecology and evolution of this economically important genus.

scholarly journals Sugar promotes vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana by repressing the expression of MIR156A and MIR156C

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Mingli Xu ◽  
Yeonjong Koo ◽  
Jia He ◽  
R Scott Poethig
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Adult Transition ◽  
Vegetative Phase Change ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Exogenous Sugar ◽  
Signaling Activity

Nutrients shape the growth, maturation, and aging of plants and animals. In plants, the juvenile to adult transition (vegetative phase change) is initiated by a decrease in miR156. In Arabidopsis, we found that exogenous sugar decreased the abundance of miR156, whereas reduced photosynthesis increased the level of this miRNA. This effect was correlated with a change in the timing of vegetative phase change, and was primarily attributable to a change in the expression of two genes, MIR156A and MIR156C, which were found to play dominant roles in this transition. The glucose-induced repression of miR156 was dependent on the signaling activity of HEXOKINASE1. We also show that the defoliation-induced increase in miR156 levels can be suppressed by exogenous glucose. These results provide a molecular link between nutrient availability and developmental timing in plants, and suggest that sugar is a component of the leaf signal that mediates vegetative phase change.

Vegetative Phase Change in Maize: Biotic Resistance and Agronomic Performance

2011 ◽  
pp. 131-160
Author(s):  
M. A. Chandler ◽  
E. S. Riedeman ◽  
W. F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vegetative Phase Change

scholarly journals The Past, Present, and Future of Vegetative Phase Change: Figure 1.

2010 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Poethig
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vegetative Phase Change ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Epigenetic reprogramming during vegetative phase change in maize

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (51) ◽  
pp. 22184-22189 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
M. Freeling ◽  
D. Lisch
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vegetative Phase Change

scholarly journals The viviparous8 mutation delays vegetative phase change and accelerates the rate of seedling growth in maize

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M.S. Evans ◽  
R. Scott Poethig
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vegetative Phase Change

scholarly journals VAL genes regulate vegetative phase change via miR156-dependent and independent mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim P. Fouracre ◽  
Jia He ◽  
Victoria J. Chen ◽  
Simone Sidoli ◽  
R. Scott Poethig
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Epigenetic Silencing ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vegetative Phase Change ◽  
Adult Growth ◽  
Epigenetic Repression ◽  
Polycomb Repressive Complex 1

SummaryHow organisms control when to transition between different stages of development is a key question in biology. In plants, epigenetic silencing by Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 plays a crucial role in promoting developmental transitions, including from juvenile-to-adult phases of vegetative growth. It is well established that PRC1/2 repress the master regulator of vegetative phase change, miR156, leading to the transition to adult growth, but how this process in temporally regulated is unknown. Here we investigate whether transcription factors in the VIVIPAROUS/ABI3-LIKE (VAL) gene family provide the temporal signal for the epigenetic repression of miR156. Exploiting a novel val1 allele, we found that VAL1 and VAL2 redundantly regulate vegetative phase change by controlling the overall level, rather than temporal dynamics, of miR156 expression. Furthermore, we discovered that VAL1 and VAL2 also act independently of miR156 to control this important developmental transition.

scholarly journals Leaf architecture, lignification, and tensile strength during vegetative phase change in Zea mays

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Balsamo ◽  
Joseph A.J. Orkwiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Vegetative Phase Change ◽  
Adult Phase

Background and Aims: Leaf morphology, anatomy, degree of lignification, and tensile strength were studied during vegetative phase change in an inbred line of <em>Zea mays</em> (OH43 x W23) to determine factors that influence mechanical properties during development. Methods: Tensometer, light microscopy, histochemistry. Key results: Mature leaf length increased linearly with plant development, peaked at leaves 7 and 8 (corresponding to the onset of the adult phase) and then declined. Leaf width was stable for leaves 1 through 3, increased to leaf 7, remained stable to leaf 10, and then declined through leaf 13. Lamina thickness was highest for leaf 1 and decreased throughout development. Leaf failure load to width ratio and failure load to thickness ratio increased with development suggesting that changes in leaf morphology during development do not entirely account for increases in failure load. Histochemical analyses revealed that leaf tensile strength correlates with percent lignification and the onset of anatomical adult features at various developmental stages. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that in <em>Zea mays</em> lignification of the midrib parenchyma and epidermis may be directly correlated with increased tensile strength associated with phase change from juvenility to adulthood. Failure load and resultant tensile strength values are primarily determined by the percent tissue lignification and the appearance of leaf architectural characters that are associated with the transition from the juvenile to the adult phase. Increased mechanical stability that occurs during the phase transition from juvenility to adulthood may signify a fundamental change in strategy for an individual plant from rapid growth (survival) to reproduction.

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