scholarly journals Mechanisms underpinning non‐additivity of global change factor effects in the plant‐soil system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias C. Rillig ◽  
Anika Lehmann ◽  
James A. Orr ◽  
Walter R. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Change Factor

scholarly journals Microplastic fiber and drought effects on plants and soil are only slightly modified by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Lehmann ◽  
Eva F. Leifheit ◽  
Linshan Feng ◽  
Joana Bergmann ◽  
Anja Wulf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Drought Conditions

Abstract Microplastics are increasingly recognized as a factor of global change. By altering soil inherent properties and processes, ripple-on effects on plants and their symbionts can be expected. Additionally, interactions with other factors of global change, such as drought, can influence the effect of microplastics. We designed a greenhouse study to examine effects of polyester microfibers, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and drought on plant, microbial and soil responses. We found that polyester microfibers increased the aboveground biomass of Allium cepa under well-watered and drought conditions, but under drought conditions the AM fungal-only treatment reached the highest biomass. Colonization with AM fungi increased under microfiber contamination, however, plant biomass did not increase when both AM fungi and fibers were present. The mean weight diameter of soil aggregates increased with AM fungal inoculation overall but decreased when the system was contaminated with microfibers or drought stressed. Our study adds additional support to the mounting evidence that microplastic fibers in soil can affect the plant-soil system by promoting plant growth, and favoring key root symbionts, AM fungi. Although soil aggregation is usually positively influenced by plant roots and AM fungi, and microplastic promotes both, our results show that plastic still had a negative effect on soil aggregates. Even though there are concerns that microplastic might interact with other factors of global change, our study revealed no such effect for drought.

scholarly journals Soil resource dynamics in a changing world

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Doetterl
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycling ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Plant Soil

<p>Good time for soil scientists, bad time for soils? Join me at my Soil System Sciences - OECS award lecture where I will highlight how Global Change affects soils across ecosystems and what this means for future plant-soil inter­actions and biogeochemical cycles in a warming, crowded world out of balance.</p><p>Global Change from the Arctic to the Tropics has accelerated drastically in recent decades, subsequently effecting ecosystems everywhere. Soils and biogeochemical cycling within are no exception. For example, how carbon and nutrients are stabilized in and released from soil is highly affected by changing land use and climate. Despite these changes, soil in earth system models is not represented mechanistically, but rather given a mostly budgetary “black box” function. No methodological framework is available that accounts for the combined effects of climate, geochemistry and disturbance on soil dynamics at larger scales. In addition, most of our process understanding of biogeochemical cycling in soils is derived from data-rich temperate regions. This data has limited applicability in low latitudinal (tropics) or high latitudinal (boreal/subpolar) climate zones, where soils have different properties and drastically different developmental histories.</p><p>In my talk I will illustrate with a few examples how the gaps in our understanding of soil processes across climate zones and dismissing lateral soil fluxes leads to large uncertainties in predicting future trajectories of the global carbon cycle. I will highlight how the interactions of weathering and disturbance can influence and dominate biogeochemical cycles and microbial processes in soils. I will also discuss some directions where geochemical proxies that are available at the global scale can be useful to model the spatial and temporal patterns of soil carbon storage and turnover.</p>

Modelling the Balance of Metals in the Amended Soil for the Case of ‘Atmosphere–Plant–Soil’ System

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edita Baltrėnaitė ◽  
Arvydas Lietuvninkas ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas
Keyword(s):  
Soil System ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Amended Soil

scholarly journals The response of soil and phyllosphere microbial communities to repeated application of the fungicide iprodione: accelerated biodegradation or toxicity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Katsoula ◽  
S Vasileiadis ◽  
M Sapountzi ◽  
Dimitrios G Karpouzas
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Plant Soil

ABSTRACT Pesticides interact with microorganisms in various ways with the outcome being negative or positive for the soil microbiota. Pesticides' effects on soil microorganisms have been studied extensively in soil but not in other pesticides-exposed microbial habitats like the phyllosphere. We tested the hypothesis that soil and phyllosphere support distinct microbial communities, but exhibit a similar response (accelerated biodegradation or toxicity) to repeated exposure to the fungicide iprodione. Pepper plants received four repeated foliage or soil applications of iprodione, which accelerated its degradation in soil (DT50_1st = 1.23 and DT50_4th = 0.48 days) and on plant leaves (DT50_1st > 365 and DT50_4th = 5.95 days). The composition of the epiphytic and soil bacterial and fungal communities, determined by amplicon sequencing, was significantly altered by iprodione. The archaeal epiphytic and soil communities responded differently; the former showed no response to iprodione. Three iprodione-degrading Paenarthrobacter strains were isolated from soil and phyllosphere. They hydrolyzed iprodione to 3,5-dichloraniline via the formation of 3,5-dichlorophenyl-carboxiamide and 3,5-dichlorophenylurea-acetate, a pathway shared by other soil-derived arthrobacters implying a phylogenetic specialization in iprodione biotransformation. Our results suggest that iprodione-repeated application could affect soil and epiphytic microbial communities with implications for the homeostasis of the plant–soil system and agricultural production.

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