Growth environment and seedling age affect constitutive and inducible defence in radiata pine

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1481-1492
Author(s):  
T. Reglinski ◽  
J. T. Taylor ◽  
G. L. Northcott ◽  
A. Ah Chee ◽  
M. Spiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Inducible Defence ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Seedling Age

ABNORMAL LIGNIN DISTRIBUTION IN WOOD FROM SEVERELY DROUGHT STRESSED PINUS RADIATA TREES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd A. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cell Wall Development

Radiata pine logs exhibiting concentric shelling were examined for abnormal wood anatomy and cell wall characteristics. The trees from which the logs originated were growing on coastal sand dunes with a shallow impermeable iron pan subsoil, and the abnormal wood properties are assumed to be the result of frequent water stress and possible associated nutritional stress. The wood showed numerous false growth rings alternating with bands of poorly lignified tracheids. Examination of lignin distribution by confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed abnormal cell wall development associated with a poorly lignified middle lamella and outer secondary cell wall. Affected tracheids showed poor adhesion with development of intercellular checking, particularly on radial cell walls. Some tracheids showed concentric lamellation associated with areas of high and low lignification within the secondary wall. In many cases, the S3 layer was thicker and more heavily lignified than normal. Tracheids with the greatest reduction in lignification of the secondary wall showed evidence of collapse. The shelling behaviour of the wood was thus explained by poor or negligible adhesion between tracheids due to reduced lignification of middle lamellae. This investigation provides some insight into the effect of growth environment on lignification.

Control of summer grass in radiata pine nursery seedbeds

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
J.A. Gleed ◽  
A.E. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Radiata Pine

Efficacy and selectivity of hexazinone in radiata pine

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
J.N. Cameron ◽  
K.G. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Radiata Pine

Effect of seedling age on yield and yield components in rice landraces

Green Farming ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
A. MOHAMMED ASHRAF ◽  
SUBBALAKSHMI LOKANADAN
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

Herbicide Tolerance Of Transgenic `Stevens' Cranberry Plants Depends on the Test Environment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 517a-517
Author(s):  
Eric L. Zeldin ◽  
Rodney A. Serres ◽  
Brent H. McCown
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Delayed Growth ◽  
Significant Injury

`Stevens' cranberry was genetically engineered to confer tolerance to the broad spectrum herbicide glufosinate. Initially, herbicide tolerance was verified by spraying greenhouse plants with the commercial formulation Liberty. Although one transformant showed significant tolerance, the tolerance level was below that required to kill goldenrod, a common weed of cranberry beds. This transformant was propagated and the plants established outdoors in a coldframe, yielding a growth form more typical of field-grown plants than that of greenhouse-grown plants. These plants, as well as untransformed cranberry and goldenrod plants, were sprayed with various levels of the herbicide. The transformed plants were not killed at glufosinate concentrations up to 1000 ppm, although delayed growth did occur. Some runner tip injury was observed at 500 ppm as well as widespread shoot tip death at higher levels. The above-ground parts of goldenrod plants were killed at 400 ppm with significant injury at 200 ppm. Untransformed cranberry plants were killed at 300 ppm and had extensive tip death even at 100 ppm. Transformed cranberry plants with confirmed “field” tolerance were re-established in the greenhouse and new vegetative growth was forced. When these plants were sprayed with glufosinate, significant shoot tip injury was observed at levels as low as 100 ppm. The degree of herbicide tolerance of transformed cranberry appears to be modulated by the growth environment, which may affect the expression of the inserted genes or the physiological sensitivity of the impacted tissues.

Seed Production Costs for Radiata Pine Seed Orchards

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. DANBURY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Seed Orchards

Increased yields of high quality veneer and sawn timber from cuttings of radiata pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Radiata Pine ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sawn Timber

scholarly journals Exosome Traceability and Cell Source Dependence on Composition and Cell-Cell Cross Talk

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5346
Author(s):  
Rabab N. Hamzah ◽  
Karrer M. Alghazali ◽  
Alexandru S. Biris ◽  
Robert J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Donor Cell ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
The Impact

Exosomes are small vesicles with an average diameter of 100 nm that are produced by many, if not all, cell types. Exosome cargo includes lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids arranged specifically in the endosomes of donor cells. Exosomes can transfer the donor cell components to target cells and can affect cell signaling, proliferation, and differentiation. Important new information about exosomes’ remote communication with other cells is rapidly being accumulated. Recent data indicates that the results of this communication depend on the donor cell type and the environment of the host cell. In the field of cancer research, major questions remain, such as whether tumor cell exosomes are equally taken up by cancer cells and normal cells and whether exosomes secreted by normal cells are specifically taken up by other normal cells or also tumor cells. Furthermore, we do not know how exosome uptake is made selective, how we can trace exosome uptake selectivity, or what the most appropriate methods are to study exosome uptake and selectivity. This review will explain the effect of exosome source and the impact of the donor cell growth environment on tumor and normal cell interaction and communication. The review will also summarize the methods that have been used to label and trace exosomes to date.

Whether optimizing seeding rate and planting density can alleviate the yield loss of double‐season rice caused by prolonged seedling age?

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Huang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Xiaohai Tian ◽  
Yunbo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seedling Age
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