Whether optimizing seeding rate and planting density can alleviate the yield loss of double‐season rice caused by prolonged seedling age?

Impact of Spring Wheat Planting Density, Row Spacing, and Mechanical Weed Control on Yield, Grain Protein, and Economic Return in Maine

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-11-00118.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 244-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Lauren N. Kolb ◽

Eric R. Gallandt ◽

Ellen B. Mallory

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Planting Density ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Management Options ◽

Weed Density ◽

Net Returns ◽

Farmer Practices

Effective in-season weed management options are limited for organic cereal farmers. Two alternatives to current farmer practices are improving efficacy of physical weed control through use of interrow cultivation or increasing the competitive ability of the crop through elevated seeding rates and more uniform spatial planting patterns. It is unknown how these two methods affect yield, quality, and economic returns. Field experiments were conducted in the northeast United States to determine whether the yield gain from increased weed control from these contrasting weed management strategies resulted in increased net returns and how these different systems affected grain quality. Wheat was planted at two seeding rates (400 and 600 plants m−2), in three row spacings (11, 18, and 23 cm). A fourth crop arrangement that approaches a more uniform spatial distribution through a combination of drilling and broadcasting seed was included. For weed control, treatments received tine harrowing. Wheat sown in wide rows also received interrow cultivation. Each system was sown in the presence and absence of condiment mustard, which was sown as a surrogate weed. Increased seeding rate reduced weed density 64% compared to a crop-free check and 30% compared to regional farmers' practices of 18-cm rows and 400 plants m−2. Increased seeding rates lowered grain protein 5% compared to standard seeding rates. Wide rows, in combination with interrow cultivation, reduced weed density 62%, increased yield 16%, and net returns 19% compared to regional organic practices. Significant increases in grain N were limited to weed-free plots. While increased seeding rates improved weed suppression, the high input cost of organic seed make this an unsatisfactory alternative to interrow cultivation and current farmer practices, as yield would need to be. 15 t ha−1higher at elevated density to offset the extra cost of seed.

IMPROVED EARLY SEASON MANAGEMENT OF SUB1 RICE VARIETIES ENHANCES POST-SUBMERGENCE RECOVERY AND YIELD

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479717000588 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 105-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

NINO P. M. BANAYO ◽

RANEE C. MABESA-TELOSA ◽

SUDHANSHU SINGH ◽

YOICHIRO KATO

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Transition Period ◽

Management Practice ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Planting Density ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Conventional Practice

SUMMARYMore than 10 Sub1 rice varieties carrying the submergence-tolerance gene have been released for flood-prone environments in tropical Asia. Improved management practices have been shown to enhance yields of these varieties. The objective of this study was to dissect the growth response of IR64-Sub1 to integrated crop management in a flash flood at the late vegetative stage. Field experiments were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines in the dry and wet seasons of 2013. Complete submergence was imposed for 14 days starting at 37 days after transplanting. Integrated management practice (IMP) consisting of: (i) application of fertilizer (compared with no fertilizer use in conventional practice), (ii) use of lower seeding rate (400 vs. 800 kg ha−1) in the nursery bed, (iii) use of slightly older seedling for transplanting (30 vs. 18 day-old), and (iv) higher planting density (33.3 vs. 25.0 hills m−2) gave yields higher by 8–87% compared with the conventional practice (1.3–2.4 t ha−1) in both seasons. This was attributable to higher shoot biomass after water recession, more tillers m−2, greater leaf area expansion and shoot biomass accumulation during the recovery period, and higher filled-grain percentage at maturity. The improved management had no positive effect on panicle formation, spikelets panicle−1, and harvest index since stress was imposed at the transition period between vegetative and reproductive phases. Our results suggest the appropriate nursery management, for submergence-resilient seedlings to further alleviate damage caused by flash floods and increase the yield of Sub1 varieties in flood-prone rainfed lowlands.

Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and seeding rate on yield loss from Galium aparine (cleavers)

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2005.02.012 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 1061-1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Husrev Mennan ◽

Bernard H. Zandstra

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Galium Aparine

Summerfallow oilseed barrier strips for wind erosion control: Influences on the subsequent crop

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps96-118 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 675-682

Author(s):

B. G. McConkey ◽

F. B. Dyck

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Wind Erosion ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Nitrogen Deficiency ◽

Erosion Control ◽

Snow Accumulation ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Wind Erosion Control ◽

Barrier Strips

Three-row flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and mustard (Brassica juncea L.) barrier strips were seeded 10.7 m apart on conventional-tillage summerfallow in mid- to late July for wind erosion control at Swift Current to determine their effects on soil water, soil fertility, weeds, and yield of the subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. In 3 yr with average winter precipitation, snow trapped by the strips replenished soil water consumed by the oilseeds Over the relatively dry winter of 1991–1992, snow accumulation did not fully replenish water withdrawn by mustard barriers. The barrier strips did not affect soil water or subsequent spring wheat yields midway between the barriers. Wheat yields immediately on the previous oilseed strips averaged 6 and 17% less for flax and mustard, respectively. This yield depression was attributed to nitrogen deficiency However, over the entire field, estimated wheat yield loss from using oilseed barriers was less than 2%. N and F fertilizer, applied when seeding the oilseed strips, increased subsequent wheat yields. Weeds were not numerous in the study and so trifluralin applied when seeding the strips, had little effect on weeds and no effect on subsequent wheat yields. Although it caused slightly greater yield loss in the succeeding wheat crop, mustard has several advantages for summerfallow oilseed barrier strips compared with flax including a wider potential strip spacing, lower seeding rate, possible tolerance to grasshoppers, and potential for seeding later in the summerfallow period. Key words: Mustard, flax, wheat, fallow, erosion, nitrogen

PLANT DENSITY AND FIELD GERMINATION OF WINTER TRITICALE DEPENDING ON VARIETY AND NORMAL SEEDING SEEDS

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/article_5c3de388777721.49811559 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 83-86

Author(s):

Леонид Шашкаров ◽

Leonid Shashkarov ◽

Светлана Толстова ◽

Svetlana Tolstova

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Stand Density ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Planting Density ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Southeastern Part ◽

Winter Triticale ◽

Field Germination ◽

Plant Stand

The article deals with the issues of plant density and field germination of winter triticale on gray forest soils of the southeastern part of the Volga-Vyatka zone depending on the variety and seeding rates. The question of establishing the optimum density of sowing, the area of food for grain crops served as the object of study by many researchers. The urgency of the issue of creating optimal sowing density is explained by the fact that the factors that determine the magnitude of the yield are constantly changing. The plant stand density and field germination of winter triticale are significantly influenced by the weather conditions formed during the growing season of winter triticale plants. With an increase in seeding rates, the plant stand density and seeding rate increases, respectively, is important for the formation of a given density of productive stalks. In production, these elements of technology are often underestimated and often unjustifiably overestimate the seeding rate, which is absolutely unnecessary, since the really possible yield is achieved at an optimal seeding rate with minimal seed consumption. The winter triticale seeding rates, both in Russia and in the world as a whole varies from 2 to 8 million viable seeds per hectare. The urgency of the issue of creating optimal sowing density is explained by the fact that the factors that determine the magnitude of the yield are constantly changing. Until now, there is no consensus on the dependence of planting density on the degree of fertility. Some researchers believe that nutrient-rich soil requires less seed for maximum yield. Under these conditions, the plants develop better, they bush more, the maximum yield can be obtained with a lower seeding rate. The opposite opinion that it is necessary to sow thicker on rich soils has become widespread, especially in recent years. Advocates of the bottom conclusion explain their point of view by the fact that fertile soil has a greater supply of food and moisture, therefore, more plants can be grown on the same area, which means that the seeding rate should be increased [1,2.3,4.5,6,7]. Research results indicate that winter triticale with increasing seeding rates increases plant density and field germination of winter triticale plants.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Planting Density on Yield Loss Percentage of Mechanical Harvesting in Rapeseed

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2014.01109 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1109

Author(s):

Qing-Song ZUO ◽

Shi CAO ◽

Shi-Fen YANG ◽

Hai-Dong HUANG ◽

Qing-Xi LIAO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Planting Density

A synthesis-analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield response to planting density under intensive cropping system

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-6703 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rihuan Cong ◽

Zhi Zhang ◽

Jianwei Lu

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Plant Population ◽

Planting Density ◽

Individual Growth ◽

Yield Response ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Intensive Cropping ◽

Population Yield

Background: Optimal yield is dependent on the collocations between plant population and individual growth. High plant populations for direct sown winter oilseed rape would be a prevailing way to achieve high yield under intensive cropping systems.Results: We investigated the oilseed rape yield response to planting density while considering the productivity environment, nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and sowing date. A synthesis-analysis was conducted by collecting the density-yield data in the field experiments of oilseed rape from 2000 to 2016 in China. The population yield response to different planting density levels could be described by a quadratic model, with threshold value of 45-60 plant m-2, and excessive density may cause yield loss as the weak individual growth. High planting density has no remarkable influence on the attainable population yield due to the decreasing individual potential yield. The population yield increment capacity by the increasing planting density was higher in medium yield environment (i.e., average yield at 1500-2500 kg ha-1). The planting density presented remarkably effect on population yield after the N limitation was relieved. Increasing planting density at 104 plants per hectare was equivalent to apply 1.17 kg N fertilizer on population yield, ranging from 0.42 kg to 4.76 kg under different yield environment levels. Yield loss caused by unsuitable sowing date (especially for the late sowing) could be compensated by increasing planting density.Conclusion: Planting density played a crucial role in cooperating the other management practices. Optimizing the allocation of plant population and individual growth, establishing target plant phenotype under high planting density would help to achieve high population yield.

Economic Evaluation of Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Competition in Field Corn

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-10-00158.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nyland R. Falkenberg ◽

Todd J. Cogdill ◽

M. Edward Rister ◽

James M. Chandler

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Field Studies ◽

Planting Density ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Net Returns ◽

Field Corn ◽

Corn Prices ◽

Extended Duration ◽

Crop Planting

Field studies were conducted near College Station, TX, in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the economic impact of common sunflower interference in field corn. A density of one common sunflower per 6 m of crop row caused a yield loss of 293 kg ha−1. Estimated losses at a net corn price of $0.08 kg−1was $92 ha−1for infestation levels of four common sunflower plants per 6 m of row. Corn yield was increased by 32 kg ha−1by each 1,000 plant ha−1increase in corn planting density. Corn planting densities of 49,400 and 59,300 plants ha−1provided the greatest net returns with or without the presence of common sunflower competition. Corn yields were reduced by extended duration of sunflower competition, with losses exceeding 1,500 kg ha−1per week and increasing in magnitude at a decreasing rate throughout the growing season. Herbicide treatments provided net returns of $600 to $1,300 ha−1above no weed control in both 2006 and 2007. Net returns of $609 and $653 ha−1were obtained without the use of any herbicide for sunflower control. Determining the economic impact of common sunflower interference in field corn allows producers to estimate the overall net return on the basis of duration of common sunflower interference and density, while considering varying net corn prices, crop planting density, and herbicide application costs.

Agronomic comparison of Minnesota-adapted dwarf oat with semi-dwarf, intermediate, and tall oat lines adapted to northern growing conditions

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps96-125 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 727-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pirjo Mäkelä ◽

Leena Väärälä ◽

Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

The Other ◽

Planting Density ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Main Shoot ◽

Growing Conditions

Development of a dwarf oat (Avena sativa L.) for northern growing conditions may further improve many important agronomic features of the oat crop including lodging resistance, yield stability, yield potential, grain-straw ratio, and fertile tillering. Our objective in this study was to assess the performance of a Minnesota-adapted dwarf line at high latitudes, through measurement of several traits that characterize duration of pre- and post-anthesis growth and plant stand structure, with special reference to tiller growth and tiller productivity. Response of the dwarf line to seeding rate (250, 500, and 750 viable seeds m−2) and nitrogen fertilizer application rates (80, 120, and 160 kg N ha−1) was compared with that of a semi-dwarf line, a conventional height cultivar, and a landrace cultivar, all of which are adapted to long-day conditions. The experiments were conducted in Finland (60°13′N) in 1993 and 1994. The dwarf line produced less grain (≤ 30%) than the other lines but out-yielded the lodging-sensitive landrace in 1994 at a high seeding rate and high rate of nitrogen fertilizer application. As for the semi-dwarf line and conventional height line, the dwarf line produced the highest grain yield at 500 seeds m−2 which is the standard planting density for oat in Finland. The particularly short duration of the generative phase and associated low number of grains per main shoot panicle are likely to be principal contributors to low mean panicle-filling rate, panicle weight, and grain yield of the dwarf line. However it was better able to tiller and produce head-bearing tillers than the other lines. This increased number of tillers was, however, unable to compensate for yield reduction resulting from low yield potential of the main shoot. Key words:Avena sativa L., oat (dwarf), grain yield, landrace, partitioning, straw length, yield components

Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on baby corn production

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6supl2p2857 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽

pp. 2857-2872

Author(s):

André Augusto Favaretto Lucianetti ◽

◽

Silvestre Bellettini ◽

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Shape Index ◽

Planting Density ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Corn Production ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Stalk Diameter

Baby corn is the female green ear of the corn plant harvested before fertilization and its cultivation is a profitable alternative for small farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of row spacing (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 m) and seeding rate (13, 15, 17 plants per meter) on baby corn production. The study was conducted at State University of Northern Paraná, Luiz Meneghel Campus, southern Brazil with a 5 × 3 factorial scheme (spacing, density) arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Corn hybrid AG1051 was grown in 5-m long and 6.5-m wide plots. The yield components evaluated were stalk diameter, length and diameter of the unhusked and husked ear, shape index, unhusked yield, husked yield, and marketable yield. Stalk diameter and ear size were significantly affected by row spacing. Ears were not perfectly cylindrical. Baby corn yield was not affected by either row spacing or planting density.