Long‐term Effects of Rewilding on Species Composition: 22‐years of Raptor Monitoring in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery C. Dombrovski ◽  
Dzmitry V. Zhurauliou ◽  
Adham Ashton‐Butt
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Exclusion Zone

Long-term effects of liming on the species composition of the herb layer in temperate Central-European forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 437 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Thomas ◽  
Katharina Krug ◽  
Jörg Zoldan ◽  
Hans-Werner Schröck
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Forests

THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND THREE ROTATIONS ON WEED COMMUNITIES IN WHEAT (AFTER 21–22 YEARS AT INDIAN HEAD, SASKATCHEWAN)

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY HUME
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

The effect of fertilizer application and three rotations (continuous cropping, fallow-wheat, and fallow-wheat-wheat rotations) on the species composition of the weed community was examined using rotations that had been running for 21–22 yr at Indian Head, Saskatchewan. Before spring seeding, stinkweed and lamb’s-quarters were more abundant on wheat after fallow than they were on either wheat following wheat after fallow or on continuous cropping. After seeding, continuous cropping produced the largest weed densities of green foxtail, thyme-leaved spurge, and vetch. In most instances, Canada thistle was most abundant on continuously cropped and nonfertilized plots. After spring seeding, green foxtail was the only species with a larger density on fertilized plots. Interactions between fertilizer application and rotation, and among species, influenced species composition in the weed community. Fertilizer application tended to reduce community differences between continuous cropping and short-term wheat-fallow rotations. Allelopathic effects of Canada thistle may have reduced green foxtail and redroot pigweed densities. With the use of 2-or 3-yr wheat-fallow rotations and herbicide application, weed problems can be minimized in southeastern Saskatchewan.

Long-term effects of mulching, traditional cutting and no management on plant species composition of improved upland grassland in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gaisler ◽  
Lenka Pavlů ◽  
Chukwudi Nwaogu ◽  
Klára Pavlů ◽  
Michal Hejcman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Upland Grassland

Florida Oil Spill Impact on the Buzzards Bay Benthic Fauna: West Falmouth

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Homogeneous Pattern ◽  
Very High ◽  
Hierarchical Pattern

No matter what criterion is used to measure the effects of the Florida oil spill, the densities and species composition and the array of statistical methods demonstrate that the same hierarchical pattern emerges. Densities and species composition remain stable over time at the minimally oiled and unoiled stations, but display considerable fluctuations and marked changes at the more heavily oiled stations. With simple presence or absence data, highest fidelity is present at the marginally oiled stations, lower fidelity at the intermediately oiled stations, and lowest fidelity at the severely oiled stations. The discrepancy index measures mean yearly differences in faunal composition at each of the stations. Very large and large differences are documented for the severely and intermediately oiled stations but only small differences are found for the marginally oiled stations. The coefficient of variation is a measure of faunal variability throughout the entire sampling period for each of the stations. Faunal variation remains very high at the severely and intermediately oiled stations but low at the marginally oiled sites. Cluster analysis reveals profound temporal changes in the fauna from samples collected at the severely and intermediately oiled stations but demonstrates a much more homogeneous pattern with only small seasonal changes from samples obtained at the marginally oiled stations. Key words: benthos, hydrocarbon, intertidal zone, long-term effects, petroleum, pollution, statistics, subtidal zone

Long-term effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on species composition and productivity of a southern African C4 dominated grassland in the vicinity of a CO2 exhalation

Plant Ecology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Stock ◽  
Fulco Ludwig ◽  
Carl Morrow ◽  
Guy F. Midgley ◽  
Stephanie J.E. Wand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2

scholarly journals Long-term effects of fertilizer on yield and species composition of contrasting pasture swards in the Aspen Parkland of the Northern Great Plains

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bittman ◽  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
J. Waddington ◽  
P. R. Horton ◽  
W. F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Aspen Parkland

Little is known about the effects of long-term application of fertilizer on the complex pasture swards of the Aspen Parkland region of western Canada. Experiments were conducted, lasting from 1980 to 1992, on five contrasting swards representative of permanent pastures in northeast Saskatchewan to determine the long-term effects of N, P, K and S fertilizer on herbage yield and species composition. The experimental swards consisted primarily of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L), and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), in varying amounts. Seven fertilizer treatments were applied at each site from 1980 to 1991 (shown as N-P-K-S in kg ha−1): 0-0-0-0, 45-0-0-0, 45-20-0-0, 90-0-0-0, 90-20-0-0, 90-20-50-20, 180-20-0-0. Another treatment (90-20-0-20) was added in 1984. An area within each plot was protected from grazing with wire exclosures and harvested in July and September. Harvested samples were classified according to coarse-leafed grasses (mostly smooth bromegrass), fine-leafed grasses (mostly Kentucky bluegrass and creeping red fescue), legumes and weeds before drying and weighing. Ground cover composition of all plots was measured by a modified line transect technique in 1980, 1987 and 1992. All swards, regardless of species composition, responded positively to fertilizer. The yield increase obtained from applying 45 or 90 kg N ha−1 (0.8 and 0.7 t ha−1, respectively) was more than doubled by adding 20 kg P ha−1 with the N. Nitrogen applied alone did not affect the proportion of bromegrass but increased the proportion of fine grasses in the herbage; adding N and P increased the proportion of coarse grass and at the expense of fine grasses. With respect to sward composition, N decreased the proportion of bromegrass and increased the proportion of bluegrass and fescue whereas adding N and P had the opposite effect. Application of S increased yield 0.9 to 1.8 t ha−1 and greatly increased the proportion of bromegrass in the sward and the harvested herbage of the three sites with low levels of soil S. The residual effect of the N and P treatments on yield was small but the effect on species composition of the herbage was substantial; S produced a residual effect on yield in 1992 and a large residual effect on species composition. The results indicate the need for balanced nutrient application to enhance yield and maintain or improve sward species composition of pastures in the Aspen Parkland. Fertilizer can be used to improve yield on a wide range of sward types. Key words: Bromegrass, Bromus inermis, bluegrass, Poa pratensis, fescue, Festuca rubra, legume, N, P, K, S, grazing, species diversity

Long-term effects of climate change on carbon storage and tree species composition in a dry deciduous forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 3154-3168 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Fekete ◽  
Kate Lajtha ◽  
Zsolt Kotroczó ◽  
Gábor Várbíró ◽  
Csaba Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest
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