scholarly journals Complementary resource use in intercropped faba bean and cabbage by increased root growth and nitrogen use in organic production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shanmugam ◽  
M. Hefner ◽  
J. S. Pelck ◽  
R. Labouriau ◽  
H. L. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Complementary Resource

scholarly journals Adaptation Mechanism of Roots to Low and High Nitrogen Revealed by Proteomic Analysis

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xin ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Jiping Gao ◽  
Wenzhong Zhang ◽  
Jun Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Background Nitrogen-based nutrients are the main factors affecting rice growth and development. Root systems play an important role in helping plants to obtain nutrients from the soil. Root morphology and physiology are often closely related to above-ground plant organs performance. Therefore, it is important to understand the regulatory effects of nitrogen (N) on rice root growth to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Results In this study, changes in the rice root traits under low N (13.33 ppm), normal N (40 ppm) and high N (120 ppm) conditions were performed through root morphology analysis. These results show that, compared with normal N conditions, root growth is promoted under low N conditions, and inhibited under high N conditions. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the rice root response to low and high N conditions, comparative proteomics analysis was performed using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based approach, and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were further characterized. Compared with normal N conditions, a total of 291 and 211 DAPs were identified under low and high N conditions, respectively. The abundance of proteins involved in cell differentiation, cell wall modification, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and protein synthesis was differentially altered, which was an important reason for changes in root morphology. Furthermore, although both low and high N can cause nitrogen stress, rice roots revealed obvious differences in adaptation to low and high N. Conclusions These results provide insights into global changes in the response of rice roots to nitrogen availability and may facilitate the development of rice cultivars with high nitrogen use efficiency through root-based genetic improvements.

Progress towards no-till organic weed control in western Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Eric N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
No Till ◽  
Green Manure Crops

AbstractOrganic farmers in western Canada rely on tillage to control weeds and incorporate crop residues that could plug mechanical weed-control implements. However, tillage significantly increases the risk of soil erosion. For farmers seeking to reduce or eliminate tillage, potential alternatives include mowing or using a roller crimper for terminating green manure crops (cover crops) or using a minimum tillage (min-till) rotary hoe for mechanically controlling weeds. Although many researchers have studied organic crop production in western Canada, few have studied no-till organic production practices. Two studies were recently conducted in Saskatchewan to determine the efficacy of the following alternatives to tillage: mowing and roller crimping for weed control, and min-till rotary hoeing weed control in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The first study compared mowing and roller crimping with tillage when terminating faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and field pea green manure crops. Early termination of annual green manure crops with roller crimping or mowing resulted in less weed regrowth compared with tillage. When compared with faba bean, field pea produced greater crop biomass, suppressed weeds better and had less regrowth. Wheat yields following pea were not affected by the method of termination. Thus, this first study indicated that roller crimping and mowing are viable alternatives to tillage to terminate field pea green manure crops. The second study evaluated the tolerance and efficacy of a min-till rotary harrow in no-till field pea production. The min-till rotary hoe was able to operate in no-till cereal residues and multiple passes did not affect the level of residue cover. Field pea exhibited excellent tolerance to the min-till rotary hoe. Good weed control occurred with multiple rotary hoe passes, and pea seed yield was 87% of the yield obtained in the herbicide-treated check. Therefore, this second study demonstrated that min-till rotary hoeing effectively controls many small seeded annual weeds in the presence of crop residue and thus can reduce the need for tillage in organic-cropping systems.

Faba bean root growth in a Vertisol: Tillage effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Muñoz-Romero ◽  
Luis López-Bellido ◽  
Rafael J. López-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Bean Root

scholarly journals Metabolic activity of Hordeum vulgare, Brassica napus and Vicia faba in Worm and Root type Biopore Sheaths

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Petzoldt ◽  
Bärbel Kroschewski ◽  
Timo Kautz
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Bulk Soil

Abstract Aims Biopores offer favorable chemical, biological and physical properties for root growth in untilled soil layers. There they are considered as nutrient “hotspots” with preferential root growth. However, the literature lacks a quantification of metabolic activity due to nutrient acquisition of main crops while growing in the biopore sheath. Methods A pot experiment was performed to map the metabolic activity of roots, as indicated by pH change. The roots of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were growing through the biopore sheath influenced by an earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L.) or a taproot (Cichorium intybus L.), in comparison to subsoil without a pore (bulk soil). pH sensitive planar optodes were applied in order to image a planar section of the sheath, while preserving an intact biopore sheath during the experiment. Results Roots were first found in the field of view in worm biopore then root biopore and bulk soil. At time of the first measurement the pH value was highest in worm biopore sheath (LS-Mean±SEM: 7.16a±0.11), followed by root biopore sheath (6.99ab±0.12) and bulk soil (6.61b±0.12). In spring oilseed rape a significant alkalization (+0.80 Δ pH) was found over time in bulk soil. Faba bean significantly acidified the root biopore sheath (-0.73 Δ pH). Spring barley showed no significant pH changes. Conclusions The results of the current study reveal a trend of faster root growth through biopores and a higher initial pH value in the biopore sheaths compared to the bulk soil. Biopores serve not only as an elongation path for roots, but their sheaths also provide an environment for root activity in the subsoil.

scholarly journals Adjustment to the light environment in small-statured forbs as a strategy for complementary resource use in mixtures of grassland species

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Roscher ◽  
Werner L. Kutsch ◽  
Olaf Kolle ◽  
Waldemar Ziegler ◽  
Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Complementary Resource

scholarly journals Managing timber and non-timber forest product resources in Canada's forests: Needs for integration and research

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc C Duchesne ◽  
Suzanne Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Industrial Culture ◽  
Complementary Resource ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Competition For Resources

Non-timber forest products (NTFP) are emerging globally as a tool for the establishment of sustainable forest communities. They provide employment to various sectors of society, draw on local expertise and culture, and increase the outputs of forests. In recent years, NTFP have received accrued interest by the general public, governments and the private sectors of Canada. However, for the NTFP industry to enter mainstream Canadian industrial culture it is now critical to attempt the integration of the timber industry with the NTFP industry to benefit both sectors. NTFP can be harvested from four types of environment: wild stocks from timber-productive forests, wild stocks from non-timber-productive forests or lands, managed stocks from intensively managed forests, and domesticated stocks from agricultural systems. A large body of evidence suggests that NTFP management and harvest can serve the forest industry in many ways. There are four possible types of interaction between the NTFP and timber industries: independent resource use, competition for resources, complementary resource use and symbiotic resource use. Integration of both industries in a sustainable manner will need to be supported with research that address economic, social, policy and ecological questions. Key words: NTFP, sustainability, biodiversity, community forestry

scholarly journals Phenylalanine as a nitrogen source induces root growth and nitrogen-use efficiency in Populus × canescens

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jiao ◽  
Yinghao Chen ◽  
Chaofeng Ma ◽  
Jingjing Qin ◽  
Thi Hong Nhung Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency
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