Small‐scale field evaluation of the entomological efficacy and the residual activity of Fludora ® Fusion WP‐SB indoor residual spraying against Anopheles culicifacies s.l . in Gujarat, India

Abstract Background Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease transmitted through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito; hence, it could be prevented by a proper vector control. To date, this could be achieved by controlling adult mosquitoes using synthetic chemicals such as DDT for indoor residual spraying (IRS) and pyrethroid-treated bed nets. These approaches possess potential toxicities; therefore, a new ecologically safe technology for vector control was developed in this study. Methods Small-scale field studies were performed in the swamp with anopheline larvae from different sub-saharan countries, such as Sudan, Uganda and Ethiopia. Photodynamic control of anopheles larvae was employed using a chlorophyll derivative, pheophorbide-a (Ph-a) as a photosensitizer and sunlight as a light source. This could interrupt the life cycle of the Anopheles mosquitoes from the larval stage, which induces the interruption of the malaria disease cycle. Results Ph-a accumulates in the larval body and upon sunlight exposure, it induces oxidative stress, which causes 85 to 100% larval death 24 hours after treatment with Ph-a. This photosensitizer’s effect persisted up to 21 days in the new generations in the same breeding site (residual effect). It is a target selective formula that has shown no effect on the other beneficial organisms in the breeding site. Conclusions This technique was found to be both effective and highly selective. It achieved a high mortality rate of mosquito larvae, while maintaining the highest levels of human safety and environmental friendliness.

Download Full-text

Small-scale field testing of alpha-cypermethrin water-dispersible granules in comparison with the recommended wettable powder formulation for indoor residual spraying against malaria vectors in Benin

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-018-3071-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicolas Moiroux ◽

Armel Djènontin ◽

Barnabas Zogo ◽

Aziz Bouraima ◽

Ibrahim Sidick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indoor Residual Spraying ◽

Field Testing ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Small Scale ◽

Water Dispersible ◽

Powder Formulation ◽

Scale Field ◽

Wettable Powder

Download Full-text

DEVELOPMENT OF E-LEARNING SMART APPS CREATOR (SAC) LEARNING MEDIA FOR SELLING EMPLOYEES ON PAID TV

Akademika ◽

10.34005/akademika.v9i02.819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (02) ◽

pp. 129-143

Author(s):

Khasanah Khasanah ◽

Maulana Muhlas ◽

Lisna Marwani

Keyword(s):

Small Group ◽

Field Trial ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Small Scale ◽

Initial Product ◽

Scale Field ◽

History Of ◽

E Learning ◽

One To One ◽

Sales Employees

This study aims to develop E-Learning learning media and test the validity of Android-based Smart Apss Creator (SAC) products for transvision sales employees in Jakarta. Using the Research and development method. The development step refers to the Bord & Gall development model. There are 10 steps in the development of Borg & Gall, but this research is limited to 9 steps, namely research and collection of initial information, planning the initial product format development of the initial trial, product revision, small scale field trial, product revision, scale field trial the size and revision of the final product. The population in this study were 10 employees of PT. Transvision Jakarta sellers. The research sample goes through 3 stages, namely the User-Test (one-to-one), the Small Group Test and the Field Test. This SAC software contains information about the history of the company, the company's vision and mission and the products of the Transvision Company. Product development after validation by 3 media experts and by 3 material experts get a score of> 83 which indicates that this application is feasible to be implemented. Try out the use in 3 stages, one-to-one evaluation with 84% results, Small Group evaluation 83% then 83% field evaluation which shows that the application of the development is feasible to use.

Download Full-text

Small-scale field testing of Alpha-cypermethrin water-dispersible granules in comparison with the recommended wettable powder formulation for indoor residual spraying against malaria vectors in Benin

10.1101/204651 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicolas Moiroux ◽

Armel Djenontin ◽

Barnabas Zogo ◽

Aziz Bouraima ◽

Ibrahim Sidick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indoor Residual Spraying ◽

Field Testing ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Small Scale ◽

Water Dispersible ◽

Scale Field ◽

Wettable Powder ◽

Applied Dose ◽

Insecticidal Action ◽

The Difference

AbstractBackgroudPyrethroids are the most common class of insecticide used worldwide for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against malaria vectors. Water-dispersible granules (WG) are a pyrethroid formulation to be applied after disintegration and dispersion in water with less risks of inhalation than using the usual wettable powder (WP) formulation. The objective of this small-scale field study was to evaluate efficacy and duration of insecticidal action of a new alpha-cypermethrin WG (250g a.i./Kg) against susceptible Anopheles gambiae in comparison with the WHO reference product (alpha-cypermethrin WP, 50g a.i./Kg) on the most common indoor surfaces in Benin.MethodsBoth formulations were applied at two target-dose concentrations in houses made of mud and cement in the Tokoli village in southern Benin. We measured the applied dose of insecticide by chemical analysis of filter paper samples collected from the sprayed inner walls. We recorded An. gambiae mortality and knock-down rates every 15 days during 6 months using standard WHO bioassays.ResultsThe alpha-cypermethrin WG formulation did not last as long as the WP formulation on both surfaces. The difference is higher with the 30mg/m2 concentration for which the WP formulation reached the 80% mortality threshold during 2 months on the mud-plastered walls (3 months on cement) whereas the WG formulation last only one month (2 months on cement).ConclusionsThe new WG formulation has a shorter efficacy than the WHO recommended WP formulation. In this trial, both the WG and WP formulations had low durations of efficacy that would need at least two rounds of spray to cover the entire transmission season.

Download Full-text