Small-scale field evaluation of the monomolecular surface film ‘Arosurf MSF’ against Anopheles arabiensis Patton

Acta Tropica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M.S. Karanja ◽  
A.K. Githeko ◽  
J.M. Vulule
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Field

scholarly journals Does Cattle Milieu Provide a Potential Point to Target Wild ExophilicAnopheles arabiensis(Diptera: Culicidae) with Entomopathogenic Fungus? A Bioinsecticide Zooprophylaxis Strategy for Vector Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issa N. Lyimo ◽  
Kija R. Ng'habi ◽  
Monica W. Mpingwa ◽  
Ally A. Daraja ◽  
Dickson D. Mwasheshe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Kilombero Valley ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
First Time

Background.Anopheles arabiensisis increasingly dominating malaria transmission in Africa. The exophagy in mosquitoes threatens the effectiveness of indoor vector control strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fungus againstAn. arabiensiswhen applied on cattle and their environments.Methods. Experiments were conducted under semi-field and small-scale field conditions within Kilombero valley. The semi-field reared females of 5–7 days oldAn. arabiensiswere exposed to fungus-treated and untreated calf. Further, wildAn. arabiensiswere exposed to fungus-treated calves, mud-huts, and their controls. Mosquitoes were recaptured the next morning and proportion fed, infected, and survived were evaluated. Experiments were replicated three times using different individuals of calves.Results. A high proportion ofAn. arabiensiswas fed on calves (>0.90) and become infected (0.94) while resting on fungus-treated mud walls than on other surfaces. However, fungus treatments reduced fecundity and survival of mosquitoes.Conclusion. This study demonstrates for the first time the potential of cattle and their milieu for controllingAn. arabiensis. Most ofAn. arabiensiswere fed and infected while resting on fungus-treated mud walls than on other surfaces. Fungus treatments reduced fecundity and survival of mosquitoes. These results suggest deployment of bioinsecticide zooprophylaxis against exophilicAn. arabiensis.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF E-LEARNING SMART APPS CREATOR (SAC) LEARNING MEDIA FOR SELLING EMPLOYEES ON PAID TV

Akademika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Khasanah Khasanah ◽  
Maulana Muhlas ◽  
Lisna Marwani
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Learning ◽  
One To One ◽  
Sales Employees

This study aims to develop E-Learning learning media and test the validity of Android-based Smart Apss Creator (SAC) products for transvision sales employees in Jakarta. Using the Research and development method. The development step refers to the Bord & Gall development model. There are 10 steps in the development of Borg & Gall, but this research is limited to 9 steps, namely research and collection of initial information, planning the initial product format development of the initial trial, product revision, small scale field trial, product revision, scale field trial the size and revision of the final product. The population in this study were 10 employees of PT. Transvision Jakarta sellers. The research sample goes through 3 stages, namely the User-Test (one-to-one), the Small Group Test and the Field Test. This SAC software contains information about the history of the company, the company's vision and mission and the products of the Transvision Company. Product development after validation by 3 media experts and by 3 material experts get a score of> 83 which indicates that this application is feasible to be implemented. Try out the use in 3 stages, one-to-one evaluation with 84% results, Small Group evaluation 83% then 83% field evaluation which shows that the application of the development is feasible to use. 

Small Scale Field Evaluation of Insecticides for Corn Borer Control1

1950 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438
Author(s):  
L. K. Cutkomp ◽  
F. G. Holdaway
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Scale Field

Lessons Learned from Small Scale Field Test Demonstrating CO2 EOR and Geologic Storage at Wellington Field in Southern Kansas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevhen Holubnyak ◽  
Willard Watney ◽  
Tiraz Birdie ◽  
Dana Wreath ◽  
George Tsoflias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Geologic Storage ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Co2 Eor

scholarly journals Single blinded semi-field evaluation of MAÏA® topical repellent ointment compared to unformulated 20% DEET against Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes aegypti in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mbuba ◽  
Olukayode G. Odufuwa ◽  
Frank C. Tenywa ◽  
Rose Philipo ◽  
Mgeni M. Tambwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Regular User

Abstract Background N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) topical mosquito repellents are effective personal protection tools. However, DEET-based repellents tend to have low consumer acceptability because they are cosmetically unappealing. More attractive formulations are needed to encourage regular user compliance. This study evaluated the protective efficacy and protection duration of a new topical repellent ointment containing 15% DEET, MAÏA® compared to 20% DEET in ethanol using malaria and dengue mosquito vectors in Bagamoyo Tanzania. Methods Fully balanced 3 × 3 Latin square design studies were conducted in large semi-field chambers using laboratory strains of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes aegypti. Human volunteers applied either MAÏA® ointment, 20% DEET or ethanol to their lower limbs 6 h before the start of tests. Approximately 100 mosquitoes per strain per replicate were released inside each chamber, with 25 mosquitoes released at regular intervals during the collection period to maintain adequate biting pressure throughout the test. Volunteers recaptured mosquitoes landing on their lower limbs for 6 h over a period of 6 to 12-h post-application of repellents. Data analysis was conducted using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results The protective efficacy of MAÏA® and 20% DEET was not statistically different for each of the mosquito strains: 95.9% vs. 97.4% against An. gambiae (OR = 1.53 [95% CI 0.93–2.51] p = 0.091); 96.8% vs 97.2% against An. arabiensis (OR = 1.08 [95% CI 0.66–1.77] p = 0.757); 93.1% vs 94.6% against Ae. aegypti (OR = 0.76 [95% CI 0.20–2.80] p = 0.675). Average complete protection time (CPT) in minutes of MAÏA® and that of DEET was similar for each of the mosquito strains: 571.6 min (95% CI 558.3–584.8) vs 575.0 min (95% CI 562.1–587.9) against An. gambiae; 585.6 min (95% CI 571.4–599.8) vs 580.9 min (95% CI 571.1–590.7) against An. arabiensis; 444.1 min (95% CI 401.8–486.5) vs 436.9 min (95% CI 405.2–468.5) against Ae. aegypti. Conclusions MAÏA® repellent ointment provides complete protection for 9 h against both An. gambiae and An. arabiensis, and 7 h against Ae. aegypti similar to 20% DEET (in ethanol). MAÏA® repellent ointment can be recommended as a tool for prevention against outdoor biting mosquitoes in tropical locations where the majority of the people spend an ample time outdoor before going to bed.

Small-scale field evaluation of geochemical blending of waste rock to mitigate acid rock drainage potential

2021 ◽  
pp. geochem2021-066
Author(s):  
S.J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rock Drainage ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Acidic Water ◽  
Acid Rock ◽  
Acid Generation ◽  
Acidic Waters ◽  
Critical Consideration

Blending of potentially acid generating (PAG) waste rock with non-PAG waste rock to create a rock mixture which performs as non-PAG is a possible approach to permanent prevention of acid rock drainage (ARD) for PAG waste rock. In 2012, a field weathering study using 300 kg samples was implemented at Teck Coal's Quintette Project located in northeastern British Columbia, Canada to test the prevention of acid generation in the PAG waste rock by dissolved carbonate leached from overlying non-PAG waste rock and direct neutralization of acidic water from PAG waste rock by contact with non-PAG waste rock.After eight years of monitoring the experiments, the layered non-PAG on PAG barrels provided proof-of-concept that as the thickness of the PAG layer increases relative to the thickness of the non-PAG layers, acidic waters are more likely to be produced. The PAG on non-PAG layering has resulted in non-acidic water and no indications of metal leaching despite accelerated oxidation in the PAG layer shown by sulphate loadings. The study has demonstrated that the scale of heterogeneity of PAG and non-PAG materials is a critical consideration for providing certainty that rock blends designed to be non-PAG will perform as non-PAG in perpetuity. This is contrary to the standard paradigm in which an excess of acid-consuming minerals is often considered sufficient alone to ensure ARD is not produced.

scholarly journals A Field Efficacy Evaluation of In2Care Mosquito Traps in Comparison with Routine Integrated Vector Management at Reducing Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Eva A. Buckner ◽  
Katie F. Williams ◽  
Samantha Ramirez ◽  
Constance Darrisaw ◽  
Juliana M. Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti is the predominant vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. This mosquito is difficult to control with conventional methods due to its container-inhabiting behavior and resistance to insecticides. Autodissemination of pyriproxyfen (PPF), a potent larvicide, has shown promise as an additional tool to control Aedes species in small-scale field trials. However, few large-scale field evaluations have been conducted. We undertook a 6-month-long large-scale field study to compare the effectiveness and operational feasibility of using In2Care Mosquito Traps (In2Care Traps, commercially available Aedes traps with PPF and Beauveria bassiana) compared to an integrated vector management (IVM) strategy consisting of source reduction, larviciding, and adulticiding for controlling Ae. aegypti eggs, larvae, and adults. We found that while the difference between treatments was only statistically significant for eggs and larvae (P < 0.05 for eggs and larvae and P > 0.05 for adults), the use of In2Care Traps alone resulted in 60%, 57%, and 57% fewer eggs, larvae, and adults, respectively, collected from that site compared to the IVM site. However, In2Care Trap deployment and maintenance were more time consuming and labor intensive than the IVM strategy. Thus, using In2Care Traps alone as a control method for large areas (e.g., >20 ha) may be less practical for control programs with the capacity to conduct ground and aerial larviciding and adulticiding. Based on our study results, we conclude that In2Care Traps are effective at suppressing Ae. aegypti and have the most potential for use in areas without sophisticated control programs and within IVM programs to target hotspots with high population levels and/or risk of Aedes-borne pathogen transmission.

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