The development of tree species composition of the species-rich natural forest during the last 33 years

The presented study is aimed on the analysis of inventory data from the old-growth mixed forest of National Nature Reserve (NNR) Sitno. A special attention was paid to the temporal variation of the tree species composition. Study analyzes data acquired in the decadal periodic inventory campaigns during the last 33 years. Analysis of dynamic changes in portion of partial tree species in NNR Sitno revealed the significant continuous decrease of oak trees during analyzed period. Evaluation of temporal changes showed the significant decrease of oaks regarding the number of trees thicker than 8 cm (8 %) as well as the volume of large wood (11 %). On the other hand, the European beech is achieving the dominant position within the upper tree layer on the behalf of oaks and other tree species. Inventory revealed slight decrease of beech in term number of tree individuals that is connected with significant increase of the large wood volume. We recorded the increasing abundance of maples (Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides) and common ash in the natural regeneration.

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Carbon exchange in a hemiboreal mixed forest in relation to tree species composition

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology ◽

10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.05.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 11-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alisa Krasnova ◽

Mai Kukumägi ◽

Ülo Mander ◽

Raili Torga ◽

Dmitrii Krasnov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Carbon Exchange ◽

Tree Species Composition

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Changes of the mixed mountain virgin forest after 70 years on a permanent plot in the Ukrainian Carpathians 567

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/41/2009-jfs ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 567-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Veska ◽

J. Šebesta ◽

T. Kolář

Keyword(s):

Abies Alba ◽

European Beech ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽

Timber Volume ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

Virgin Forest ◽

Tree Layer ◽

Sycamore Maple ◽

Associated Species

During 2004–2006, another permanent research plot (No. 12) on Pop Ivan Marmarosh Mt. in the Zakarpattya province of Ukraine was renewed, i.e. re-measured and re-analyzed. The plot was originally established in the 30’s of the 20th century. The tree layer is dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), with Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) as often associated species, and with sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) growing occasionally in small groups. After 70 years, the tree species composition partly changed. Total live timber volume increased from 529.6 to 636.3 m3/ha. Considerable growth was recorded in beech, while the live timber volume of fir, spruce and sycamore maple did not almost change. Total number of trees (> 3 cm in dbh) increased from 737 trees/ha to 760 trees/ha. Number of beech trees increased markedly. On the contrary, fir and spruce showed a significant decrease in tree number. Interesting results emerged from the renewal of the permanent square plot (20 × 20 m), proving that beech is able to persist in the shade for more than 70 years with only minimal increment of both height and diameter.

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Long-term changes in tree species composition in the Dinaric mountain forests of Slovenia

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc79227-2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 227-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Andrej Boncina ◽

Franc Gaspersic ◽

Jurij Diaci

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

European Beech ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

Virgin Forest ◽

Forest Remnant ◽

The Impact

This study utilizes data from long-term research sites in managed fir-beech forests (Hrusica, Leskova dolina and Rog) and a virgin forest remnant (Rajhenav), used as a reference site. Data obtained from old forest management plans and forest inventories were analysed. The results of the study support the hypothesis that two main tree speciessilver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)alternate site dominance. The causes of species dominance alternation include both natural processes and anthropogenic factors, in particular silvicultural practices and the impact of ungulates. More than a hundred years ago, European beech dominated stand volume. The proportion of silver fir increased until 19401970 when a gradual decrease started. All indicators suggest that the proportion of silver fir will decrease further in the coming decades. Key words: tree species composition alternation, diameter distribution, silver fir, European beech, forest history, forest planning, managed forests, virgin forest remnant

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Loss of available soil organic carbon from afforestation plots: effect of tree species composition and warming

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19705 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenhui Jiang ◽

Anna Gunina ◽

Lucas Merz ◽

Yihe Yang ◽

Yakov Kuzyakov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Species Composition ◽

Temperature Sensitivity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

European Beech ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

Tree Species Composition

Afforestation with pure and mixed-species is an important strategy to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and restore degraded lands. However, what remains unclear is the stability of SOC to microbial degradation after afforestation and the effect of tree species composition. Moreover, it is important to reveal how sensitive the SOC in afforestation lands is to environmental changes, such as warming. To study the combined effects of warming and the tree species composition on decomposition of SOC by microorganisms and enzyme activities, soils were collected from the monocultural and mixtures of Silver birch (Betula Pendula) and European beech (Fagus Silvatica) (BangorDiversity, UK, 12 years since afforestation) and were incubated for 169 days at 0, 10, 20, 30 &#176;C at 60 % of WHC. The field experiment is arranged into a completely randomized design with n=4. The CO2 efflux was measured constantly, whereas activities of &#946;-glucosidase, chitinase and acid phosphatase, and content of microbial biomass C (MBC) were obtained at the end of the incubation.&#160;Results showed that soil cumulative CO2 efflux increased by 34.7&#8211;107% with the temperature. Potential enzyme activities were dependent on tree species composition. Warming, but not tree species exhibited a significant impact on the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil cumulative CO2 efflux and enzyme activities. The greatest temperature sensitivity (Q10) of total CO2 efflux was found at 10&#8211;20 &#176;C and was 2.0&#8211;2.1, but that of enzyme activities were found as 0.9&#8211;1.1 at 0&#8211;10 &#176;C. These results suggest that warming has an asynchronous effect on the SOC decomposition and enzyme activity, and enzymes cannot account for the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Thus, thermal adaptations of SOC mineralization is independent of the adaptation of the enzyme pool.

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Long-term transformation of submontane spruce-beech forests in the Jizerské hory Mts.: dynamics of natural regeneration

Central European Forestry Journal ◽

10.1515/forj-2017-0023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 213-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiří Slanař ◽

Zdeněk Vacek ◽

Stanislav Vacek ◽

Daniel Bulušek ◽

Jan Cukor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Forest Transformation ◽

Tree Layer

AbstractThe paper deals with development of the natural regeneration of even-aged spruce-beech forests during their transformation to uneven-aged stands with diversified structure at the Jedlový důl area in the Protected Landscape Area Jizerské hory Mts., Czech Republic. Shelterwood management system and free felling policy based on selection principles has been applied there since 1979 with the support of admixed tree species of the natural species composition, especially silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). The research was focuses on structure and development of natural regeneration with the emphasis on ungulate damage and interaction with tree layer from 1979 to 2015. In the course of 36 years, the regeneration structure was diversified towards the close-to-nature tree species composition, spatial and age structure. The number of regeneration recruits increased in average from 941 to 41,669 ind ha-1. During this period share of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) significantly (p < 0.01) increased (by 53.6%), while the share of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) decreased (by 51.5%), such as damage caused by ungulate (by 61.4%) with the highest loses on sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and silver fir. Moreover, the parent trees had a significant negative influence on natural regeneration at smaller spacing (within a 1 - 5 m radius from the stem). Both, regeneration potential and effective role of the tree layer during the forest transformation has been confirmed as important prerequisites for ongoing forest transformation.

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Temporal Changes in Tree Species Composition in Karsog Area of Northwest Himalaya

Journal of Biodiversity ◽

10.31901/24566543.2021/12.1-2.103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Harish Bharti

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Tree Density ◽

Forest Communities ◽

Pinus Roxburghii ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

Forest Division ◽

Abies Pindrow ◽

Quercus Leucotrichophora

ABSTRACT The forests of Karsog Forest Division in Himachal Pradesh were temporally analyzed for change in tree species composition. These are based on the species composition in different communities and variations along the different altitudinal gradients. The enumeration records were procured from the forest department. Total 143 forest compartments were analyzed to study the change in tree species in thirteen delineated communities, out of which six were pure forest communities and seven were mixed forest communities. The change in density (Ind/ ha) in tree species was calculated between two enumeration years, that is 1986and 2013. Results showed that out of thirteen communities, only three pure communities viz., Pinus roxburghii, Abies pindrow and Quercus leucotrichophora showed increased density while other pure communities showed decreased density in two enumeration years. Altitudinal based study revealed that the lowest altitudinal gradient (1000-2000 m) showed increase in tree density while in 2000-3000 m zone a gradual fall in tree density was observed temporally.

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Langfristige Entwicklung von zwei Waldgesellschaften im Białowieża-Urwald

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2008.0080 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 159 (4) ◽

pp. 80-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bogdan Brzeziecki ◽

Feliks Eugeniusz Bernadzki

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Forest Communities ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

Strong Trend ◽

Long Term Study

The results of a long-term study on the natural forest dynamics of two forest communities on one sample plot within the Białowieża National Park in Poland are presented. The two investigated forest communities consist of the Pino-Quercetum and the Tilio-Carpinetum type with the major tree species Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula sp., Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Carpinus betulus. The results reveal strong temporal dynamics of both forest communities since 1936 in terms of tree species composition and of general stand structure. The four major tree species Scots pine, birch, English oak and Norway spruce, which were dominant until 1936, have gradually been replaced by lime and hornbeam. At the same time, the analysis of structural parameters indicates a strong trend towards a homogenization of the vertical stand structure. Possible causes for these dynamics may be changes in sylviculture, climate change and atmospheric deposition. Based on the altered tree species composition it can be concluded that a simple ≪copying≫ (mimicking) of the processes taking place in natural forests may not guarantee the conservation of the multifunctional character of the respective forests.

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Effects of nitrogen deposition on nitrate leaching from forests of the northeastern United States will change with tree species composition

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2016-0529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 997-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Katherine F. Crowley ◽

Gary M. Lovett

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Species Composition ◽

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Tree Species ◽

N Deposition ◽

Red Oak ◽

Northeastern United States ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

White Ash ◽

Species Change

As tree species composition in forests of the northeastern United States changes due to invasive forest pests, climate change, or other stressors, the extent to which forests will retain or release N from atmospheric deposition remains uncertain. We used a species-specific, dynamic forest ecosystem model (Spe-CN) to investigate how nitrate (NO3–) leaching may vary among stands dominated by different species, receiving varied atmospheric N inputs, or undergoing species change due to an invasive forest pest (emerald ash borer; EAB). In model simulations, NO3– leaching varied widely among stands dominated by 12 northeastern North American tree species. Nitrate leaching increased with N deposition or forest age, generally with greater magnitude for deciduous (except red oak) than coniferous species. Species with lowest baseline leaching rates (e.g., red spruce, eastern hemlock, red oak) showed threshold responses to N deposition. EAB effects on leaching depended on the species replacing white ash: after 100 years, predicted leaching increased 73% if sugar maple replaced ash but decreased 55% if red oak replaced ash. This analysis suggests that the effects of tree species change on NO3– leaching over time may be large and variable and should be incorporated into predictions of effects of N deposition on leaching from forested landscapes.

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