scholarly journals Impact of Ethane and Propane Variation in Natural Gas on the Performance of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Flores ◽  
V. G. McDonell ◽  
G. S. Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Present System ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
The Impact

In the area of stationary power generation, there exists a growing interest in understanding the role that gaseous fuel composition plays on the performance of natural gas-fired gas turbine systems. In this study, an atmospherically fired model gas turbine combustor with a fuel flexible fuel/air premixer is employed to investigate the impact of significant amounts of ethane and propane addition into a baseline natural gas fuel supply. The impacts of these various fuel compositions, in terms of the emissions of NOx and CO, and the coupled impact of the degree of fuel/air mixing, are captured explicitly for the present system by means of a statistically oriented testing methodology. These explicit expressions are also compared to emissions maps that encompass and expand beyond the statistically based test matrix to verify the validity of the employed statistical approach.

scholarly journals Impact of Ethane and Propane Variation in Natural Gas on the Performance of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Flores ◽  
V. G. McDonell ◽  
G. S. Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Present System ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
The Impact

In the area of stationary power generation, there exists a growing interest in understanding the role that gaseous fuel composition plays on the performance of natural gas-fired gas turbine systems. In this study, an atmospherically fired model gas turbine combustor with a fuel flexible fuel/air premixer is employed to investigate the impact of significant amounts of ethane and propane addition into a baseline natural gas fuel supply. The impacts of these various fuel compositions, in terms of the emissions of NOX and CO, and the coupled impact of the degree of fuel/air mixing, are captured explicitly for the present system by means of a statistically oriented testing methodology. These explicit expressions are also compared to emissions maps that encompass and expand beyond the statistically based test matrix to verify the validity of the employed statistical approach.

Fuel Flexibility Influences on Premixed Combustor Blowout, Flashback, Autoignition and Instability

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lieuwen ◽  
Vince McDonell ◽  
Eric Petersen ◽  
Domenic Santavicca
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Underlying Processes

This paper addresses the impact of fuel composition on the operability of lean premixed gas turbine combustors. This is an issue of current importance due to variability in the composition of natural gas fuel supplies and interest in the use of syngas fuels. Of particular concern is the effect of fuel composition on combustor blowout, flashback, dynamic stability, and autoignition. This paper reviews available results and current understanding of the effects of fuel composition on the operability of lean premixed combustors. It summarizes the underlying processes that must be considered when evaluating how a given combustor’s operability will be affected as fuel composition is varied.

scholarly journals Response of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor to Variation in Gaseous Fuel Composition

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Flores ◽  
M. M. Miyasato ◽  
V. G. McDonell ◽  
G. S. Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Composition Changes

The effect of fuel composition on performance is evaluated on a model gas turbine combustor designed to mimic key features of practical devices. A flexible fuel injection system is utilized to control the placement of the fuel in the device to allow exploration and evaluation of fuel distribution effects in addition to chemistry effects. Gas blends reflecting the extremes in compositions found in the U.S. are considered. The results illustrate that, for the conditions and configuration studied, both fuel chemistry and fuel air mixing play a role in the performance of the device. While chemistry appears to be the predominant factor in stability, a role is noted in emissions performance as well. It is also found that changes in fuel distribution associated with changes in fuel momentum for fixed firing rate also have an impact on emissions. For the system considered, a strategy for sustaining optimal performance while fuel composition changes is illustrated.

Fuel Flexibility Influences on Premixed Combustor Blowout, Flashback, Autoignition, and Stability

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lieuwen ◽  
Vince McDonell ◽  
Eric Petersen ◽  
Domenic Santavicca
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Underlying Processes

This paper addresses the impact of fuel composition on the operability of lean premixed gas turbine combustors. This is an issue of current importance due to variability in the composition of natural gas fuel supplies and interest in the use of syngas fuels. This paper reviews available results and current understanding of the effects of fuel composition on combustor blowout, flashback, dynamic stability, and autoignition. It summarizes the underlying processes that must be considered when evaluating how a given combustor’s operability will be affected as fuel composition is varied.

scholarly journals Response of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor to Variation in Gaseous Fuel Composition

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Flores ◽  
M. M. Miyasato ◽  
V. G. McDonell ◽  
G. S. Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Composition Changes

The effect of fuel composition on performance is evaluated on a model gas turbine combustor designed to mimic key features of practical devices. A flexible fuel injection system is utilized to control the placement of the fuel in the device to allow exploration and evaluation of fuel distribution effects in addition to chemistry effects. Gas blends reflecting the extremes in compositions found in the U.S. are considered. The results illustrate that, for the conditions and configuration studied, both fuel chemistry and fuel air mixing play a role in the performance of the device. While chemistry appears to be the predominant factor in stability, a role is noted in emissions performance as well. It is also found that changes in fuel distribution associated with changes in fuel momentum for fixed firing rate also have an impact on emissions. For the system considered, a strategy for sustaining optimal performance while fuel composition changes is illustrated.

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle With CO2-Capture Using Auto-Thermal Reforming of Natural Gas

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thormod Andersen ◽  
Hanne M. Kvamsdal ◽  
Olav Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Chemical Absorption ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Gas

A concept for capturing and sequestering CO2 from a natural gas fired combined cycle power plant is presented. The present approach is to decarbonise the fuel prior to combustion by reforming natural gas, producing a hydrogen-rich fuel. The reforming process consists of an air-blown pressurised auto-thermal reformer that produces a gas containing H2, CO and a small fraction of CH4 as combustible components. The gas is then led through a water gas shift reactor, where the equilibrium of CO and H2O is shifted towards CO2 and H2. The CO2 is then captured from the resulting gas by chemical absorption. The gas turbine of this system is then fed with a fuel gas containing approximately 50% H2. In order to achieve acceptable level of fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, this kind of process is attractive because of the possibility of process integration between the combined cycle and the reforming process. A comparison is made between a “standard” combined cycle and the current process with CO2-removal. This study also comprise an investigation of using a lower pressure level in the reforming section than in the gas turbine combustor and the impact of reduced steam/carbon ratio in the main reformer. The impact on gas turbine operation because of massive air bleed and the use of a hydrogen rich fuel is discussed.

Impact of Ethane, Propane, and Diluent Content in Natural Gas on the Performance of a Commercial Microturbine Generator

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hack ◽  
Vincent G. McDonell
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Methane Number ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lean Conditions

The impact of fuel composition on the performance of power generation devices is gaining interest as the desire to diversify fuel supplies increases. In the present study, measurements of combustion performance were conducted on a commercial natural gas-fired 60kW gas turbine as a function of fuel composition. A statistically designed experiment was carried out and exhaust emissions were obtained for significant amounts of ethane and propane. In addition, a limited study of the effect of inerts was conducted. The results show that emissions of NOx, CO, and NOx∕NO are not well correlated with common descriptions of the fuel, such as higher heating value or methane number. The results and trends indicate that the presence of higher hydrocarbons in the fuel leads to appreciably higher NOx emissions for both test devices operating under similar lean conditions, while having less impact on CO emissions.

The Effect of Fuel Composition on Combustion Instability Mode Occurrence in a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisu Yoon ◽  
Seongpil Joo ◽  
Min Chul Lee ◽  
Jeongjin Kim ◽  
Jaeyo Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Instability ◽  
Longitudinal Mode ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Instability Mode ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Instability Frequency

Recently, energy resource depletion and unstable energy prices have become global issues. Worldwide pressure to secure and make more gas and oil available to support global power needs has increased. To meet these needs, alternative fuels composed of various types of fuels have received attention, including biomass, dimethyl ether (DME), and low rank coal. For this reason, the fuel flexibility of the combustion system becomes more important. In this study, H2 and CH4 were selected as the main fuel composition variables and the OH-chemiluminescence measurement technique was also applied. This experimental study was conducted under equivalence ratio and fuel composition variations with a model gas turbine combustor to examine the relation between combustion instability and fuel composition. The combustion instability peak occurs in the H2/CH4 50:50 composed fuel and the combustion instability frequency shifted to higher harmonic of longitudinal mode based on the H2 concentration of the fuel. Based on instability mode and flame length calculation, the effect of the convection time during the instability frequency increasing phenomenon was found in a partially premixed gas turbine combustor. The time-lag analysis showed that the short convection time in a high H2 concentration fuel affects the feedback loop period reduction and, in these conditions, high harmonics of longitudinal mode instability occurs. This fundamental study on combustion instability frequency shifting characteristics was conducted for H2/CH4 composed fuel and the results contribute key information for the conceptual design of a fuel flexible gas turbine and its optimum operation conditions.

Reactor Network Modeling of Stability and Emissions of Hydrogen and Natural Gas Blends for a Piloted Gas Turbine Combustor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candy Hernandez ◽  
Vincent McDonell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Flammability Limits ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Carbon Molecules

Abstract Lean-premixed (LPM) gas turbines have been developed for stationary power generation in efforts to reduce emissions due to strict air quality standards. Lean-premixed operation is beneficial as it reduces combustor temperatures, thus decreasing NOx formation and unburned hydrocarbons. However, tradeoffs occur between system performance and turbine emissions. Efforts to minimize tradeoffs between stability and emissions include the addition of hydrogen to natural gas, a common fuel used in stationary gas turbines. The addition of hydrogen is promising for both increasing combustor stability and further reducing emissions because of its wide flammability limits allowing for lower temperature operation, and lack of carbon molecules. Other efforts to increase gas turbine stability include the usage of a non-lean pilot flame to assist in stabilizing the main flame. By varying fuel composition for both the main and piloted flows of a gas turbine combustor, the effect of hydrogen addition on performance and emissions can be systematically evaluated. In the present work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and chemical reactor networks (CRN) are created to evaluate stability (LBO) and emissions of a gas turbine combustor by utilizing fuel and flow rate conditions from former hydrogen and natural gas experimental results. With CFD and CRN analysis, the optimization of parameters between fuel composition and main/pilot flow splits can provide feedback for minimizing pollutants while increasing stability limits. The results from both the gas turbine model and former experimental results can guide future gas turbine operation and design.

Effect of Variation of Fuel Composition on Gas Turbine Off-Design Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Suel Park ◽  
Saemi Park ◽  
Joong Seong Lee ◽  
Gyung Min Choi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Metal Temperature ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Gas Fuel

The effects of fuel composition is investigated in a gas turbine for natural gas. Fuel composition is divided H/C ratio and heating value. There are three control schemes for gas turbine. In this study, TIT control and TET control is adopted. A full off-design analysis of the gas turbine was performed. Performance characteristics and maximum turbine blade temperature are the main interests. The power output is decreased while heating value of fuel is increased and H/C ratio of fuel is decreased both control scheme. As heating value of natural gas decreased and H/C ratio of fuel increased, turbine blade temperature is increased in TIT control. Otherwise, Blade metal temperature is little influenced by H/C ratio of fuel in TET control scheme.

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