scholarly journals Freedom and Engineering for All

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (09) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Wyndham
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
American Association ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Academic Instruction ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Engineering Enterprise

This article discusses benefits and challenges in engaging engineers in connecting engineering and human rights. Engineers have a vital role to play in giving visibility to human rights, particularly in matters relevant to their field or discipline. Academic instruction in ethics is increasingly viewed as integral to a rigorous educational program in science or engineering. The Science and Human Rights Coalition of the American Association for the Advancement of Science is one network of professional societies that recognize a role for scientists and engineers in human rights. An important way in which engineers can protect and promote human rights is by ensuring that the products they develop benefit people in need. Engineers have human rights that need to be respected in order for the engineering enterprise to flourish and the benefits of engineering to be broadly enjoyed. Engineers have opportunities to contribute to human rights compliance when designing and implementing projects, and to contribute to the realization of the right to benefit from scientific progress and its applications.

The Environment, a Changing Climate, and Planetary Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 417-438
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Health And Human Rights ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Right

This chapter addresses the dynamic balance between human health and the environment, with a focus on the global health and human rights threat of climate change. International legal efforts to mitigate environmental damage and climate change—from the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 2015 Paris Agreement—have been limited in addressing the threats posed to global health. Human rights will be necessary to examine efforts to mitigate and respond to these cataclysmic threats, including rising temperatures and extreme weather events, air pollution, infectious diseases, food, water and sanitation, and mental health. Facing this unprecedented threat, advocates can draw from past advances, including the use of litigation to protect human rights affected by the environment, the realization of the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress, and the implementation of human rights as a foundation of planetary health.

s.Four New Challenges, 19 The Environment, a Changing Climate, and Planetary Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phelan Alexandra L
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Health And Human Rights ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Right

This chapter addresses the dynamic balance between human health and the environment, with a focus on the global health and human rights threat of climate change. International legal efforts to mitigate environmental damage and climate change—from the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 2015 Paris Agreement—have been limited in addressing the threats posed to global health. Human rights will be necessary to examine efforts to mitigate and respond to these cataclysmic threats, including rising temperatures and extreme weather events, air pollution, infectious diseases, food, water and sanitation, and mental health. Facing this unprecedented threat, advocates can draw from past advances, including the use of litigation to protect human rights affected by the environment, the realization of the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress, and the implementation of human rights as a foundation of planetary health.

14. Cultural rights

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Ringelheim
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Right

This chapter examines the sources of cultural rights in international human rights law, describes their evolution, and highlights the major debates regarding their interpretation. Specifically, it discusses the content and meaning of the right to take part in cultural life, the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications, and the rights of authors and inventors to the protection of their moral and material interests.

Upholding ethical values and human rights at the frontier of TB research

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
J. Stillo ◽  
M. Frick ◽  
Y. Cong
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Current State ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Tb Diagnostics ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Minor

Until recently, human rights have played a minor role in the fight against tuberculosis (TB), even less so in TB research. This is changing, however. The WHO's End TB Strategy and Ethics Guidance stress respect for human rights and ethical principles in every area of TB care, including research. The desired reductions in TB incidence and mortality are impossible without new tools and strategies to fight the disease. Yet, little suggests that the current state of TB research—including funding levels, evidence being produced, and community involvement—will alleviate concerns related to the availability, accessibility, and acceptability of TB diagnostics, drugs, and prevention in the near future. In this article, we consider these ethics concerns in relation to the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and the right to health. We also reflect on community involvement in research and offer recommendations in the spirit of the rights to health and science, such as involving affected communities in all aspects of research planning, execution, and dissemination. Finally, we argue that states have a responsibility under international law for the continued realization of the right to health. This realization rests, in part, on the realization of the right to science.

‘Serious’ science: a response to Kleiderman, Ravitsky and Knoppers

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satvir Kalsi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Moral Intuitions ◽  
Genome Modification ◽  
Germline Modification ◽  
The Right

In their paper ‘The “serious” factor in germline modification’, Kleiderman, Ravitsky and Knoppers rightly highlight the ambiguity in the oft-utilised term ‘serious’ in legal discussions of human germline genome modification.1 They suggest interpretation of this term may benefit from a framework based on human rights rather than solely objectivist or constructivist frameworks. In this response, I show the authors provide a narrow and hasty dismissal of objectivist frameworks by defining objectivism broadly as ‘based on biological facts’ early on but later criticising genetic treatment lists, a single narrow implementation of only some of the facts. Furthermore, I will show their consideration of the right to science is biassed towards the material innovations of science, the authors succeed in recognising but fail in elaborating on the knowledge gained from scientific progress; knowledge which may ultimately update moral intuitions and change the nature of ethical conversation across cultures.

scholarly journals The Right to Science: Ensuring that Everyone Benefits from Scientific and Technological Progress

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
Socioeconomic Rights ◽  
Core Content ◽  
The Right ◽  
Property Regimes

Lea Shaver, The Right to Science: Ensuring that Everyone Benefits from Scientific and Technological Progress, 2015 Euro. J. H.R. 411The right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications has long been neglected, both in theory and in practice. Even scholars, advocates, and jurists deeply involved in the human rights field are likely to express uncertainty as to what the right to science concretely requires…if they are even aware of its existence. This essay seeks to remedy that obscurity, providing a highly accessible account of the right to science that is both philosophically grounded and very practical. In short, the right to science calls for treating science and technology as global public goods, to be cultivated for the benefit of humanity and made accessible to all, just as with other socioeconomic rights such as education and healthcare. The essay then elaborates what that broad vision means for minimum core content. Particular emphasis is given to reconciling the potential tension between the right to science and intellectual property regimes.

The right to adequate food as the example of human rights’ interdependence/ Prawo do właściwego wyżywienia jako przykład współzależności praw człowieka

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika A. Szkarłat
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Work Education ◽  
Women Rights

AbstractVienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted on 1993 recognize and affirms that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated. The right to adequate food as part of the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living (art. 11 CESCR) is inseparable from human dignity and physical survival of human kind.The fulfillment and holistic approach in human rights’ analysis is perceived as an effect of enforcement of human rights’ interdependence. The prerequisite of the right to food realization is the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger. On the other hand, right to adequate food is a wider ontological and legal concept than just the requirement to fight hunger. The proper fulfillment of the right depends on several conditions such as the realization of the right to health, work, education, women rights, rights of the child, property rights, right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications, right to information and freedom of choice etc. The proper explanation of terms such as ‘adequate food’ is a sine qua non indicator for those responsible for human rights’ fulfillment.

scholarly journals Access to Effective Diagnosis and Treatment for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Deepening the Human Rights-Based Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Remmy Shawa ◽  
Fons Coomans ◽  
Helen Cox ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Effective Diagnosis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach

Abstract The lack of access to effective diagnosis and treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a persistent ethical, human rights and public health challenge globally. In addressing this challenge, arguments based on a Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) to health have most often been focused on the Right to Health. However, a key challenge in multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-) TB is the glaring absence of scientific research; ranging from basic science and drug discovery through to implementation science once new tools have been developed. Although the Right to Enjoy the Benefits of Scientific Progress and its Applications (REBSP) is a little theorised human right, it has the potential to enrich our understanding and use of the Rights-Based Approach to health. In this chapter, we argue that States’ duties to respect, protect and fulfil the REBSP within and outside their borders is an important vehicle that can be drawn on to redress the lack of research into new drug development and appropriate use of existing drugs for DR-TB in high burden settings. We call for urgent attention to minimum core obligations for the REBSP and the need for a General Comment by a UN human rights monitoring body to provide for its interpretation. We also note that conceptualization of the REBSP has the potential to complement Right to Health claims intended to enhance access to treatment for DR-TB on a global scale.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document