Intelligent Contracts in Engineering Enterprise Supply Management

Intellectual contracts based on blockchain technology improve the efficiency of supply management of an automobile enterprise by optimizing the transactional costs of supply logistics. The present research featured KAMAZ PTC. The goal was to develop an interaction mechanism for all participants of an intellectual contract in supply activities. The article includes a review of Russian and foreign publications about intellectual contracts in various business spheres, supply management efficiency, optimization of transactional costs, and blockchain technology. The study made it possible to build an interaction mechanism of the parties involved in a blockchain intellectual contract. It also revealed a pattern of changes introduced to the intellectual contract at different stages of interaction between the initiator and suppliers. The authors also highlighted the difference between smart contract and intellectual contract. An intellectual contract appears as a logical development of a smart contract and allows the sides to change the terms. The party interaction mechanism can improve the supply efficiency as it optimizes the magnitude of transactional costs.

The Formal Modeling Of Engineering Design Information By Means Of An Axiomatic System

<div>There is mounting evidence in the current literature which suggests that our collective understanding of engineering design is insufficient to support the continued growth of the engineering endeavor. Design theory is the emergent research field that addresses this problem by seeking to improve our understanding of, and thus our ability to, design. The goal of this author's work is to demonstrate that formal techniques of logic can improve our understanding of design. Specifically, a formal system called the Hybrid Model (HM) is presented; this system is a set-theoretic description of engineering design information that is valid independent of (a) the processes that generate or manipulate the information and (b) the role of the human designer. Because of this, HM is universally applicable to the representation of design-specific information throughout all aspects of the engineering enterprise. The fundamental unit in HM is a design entity, which is defined as a unit of information relevant to a design task. The axioms of HM define the structure of design entities and the explicit means by which they may be rationally organized. HM provides (a) a basis for building taxonomies of design entities, (b) a generalized approach for making statements about design entities independent of how the entities are generated or used, and (c) a formal syntactic notation for the standardization of design entity specification. Furthermore, HM is used as the foundation of DESIGNER, an extension to the Scheme programming language, providing a prototype-based object-oriented system for the static modeling of design information. Objects in the DESIGNER language satisfy the axioms of HM while providing convenient programming mechanisms to increase usability and efficiency. Several design-specific examples demonstrate the applicability of DESIGNER, and thus of HM as well, to the accurate representation of design information. </div>

The Formal Modeling Of Engineering Design Information By Means Of An Axiomatic System

<div>There is mounting evidence in the current literature which suggests that our collective understanding of engineering design is insufficient to support the continued growth of the engineering endeavor. Design theory is the emergent research field that addresses this problem by seeking to improve our understanding of, and thus our ability to, design. The goal of this author's work is to demonstrate that formal techniques of logic can improve our understanding of design. Specifically, a formal system called the Hybrid Model (HM) is presented; this system is a set-theoretic description of engineering design information that is valid independent of (a) the processes that generate or manipulate the information and (b) the role of the human designer. Because of this, HM is universally applicable to the representation of design-specific information throughout all aspects of the engineering enterprise. The fundamental unit in HM is a design entity, which is defined as a unit of information relevant to a design task. The axioms of HM define the structure of design entities and the explicit means by which they may be rationally organized. HM provides (a) a basis for building taxonomies of design entities, (b) a generalized approach for making statements about design entities independent of how the entities are generated or used, and (c) a formal syntactic notation for the standardization of design entity specification. Furthermore, HM is used as the foundation of DESIGNER, an extension to the Scheme programming language, providing a prototype-based object-oriented system for the static modeling of design information. Objects in the DESIGNER language satisfy the axioms of HM while providing convenient programming mechanisms to increase usability and efficiency. Several design-specific examples demonstrate the applicability of DESIGNER, and thus of HM as well, to the accurate representation of design information. </div>

Design of a monitoring network: from macro to micro design

Designing a monitoring network or a measuring set-up or a monitoring station is a typical (multidisciplinary) engineering enterprise: a range of potentially conflicting demands (technical, financial and managerial) and limitations (e.g. availability of resources, skilled personnel, regulations) have to be respected. This chapter addresses the design aspects on both the macro scale (a monitoring network) and on the micro scale. The macro scale addresses what to measure, where to measure, how frequently to measure and the applications of models in the design process. On the micro scale issues with safety, accessibility and practical limitations are discussed. This chapter has close links with virtually all other chapters in this book and a comprehensive set of literature references is supplied to allow the interested reader to broaden his/her knowledge on the subject.

Development of a Structural Model of a Digital Twin of Machine-Building Enterprises Production and Logistics System

The purpose of the paper was to consider theoretical aspects of creating digital twins of objects and processes, investigate current trends in the development of modern engineering enterprises, and formulate goals and objectives of the development of a digital twin of the production and logistics system of a mechanical engineering enterprise. We found that the solution of the problems of analysis, assessment and forecasting of the state of the production and logistics system is based on the development with a given degree of adequacy of an information model which describes the aspects of the functioning of its main subsystems in accordance with the goals and objectives solved by the digital twin. It is impossible to create such an information model without integral and logically related initial data on the production and logistics system, the sources of which can be the information systems of the enterprise that consistently manage production, organizational and economic processes at various levels of enterprise management. In accordance with this, we introduced a structural model of the digital twin of the production and logistics system and developed the data structure of the information model of the production and logistics system of a mechanical engineering enterprise. Furthermore, we formulated the requirements for the composition and interaction of enterprise information systems containing and processing data for building a digital twin of the production and logistics system. Finally, we proposed a generalized approach to the information support of tasks solved by a digital twin, which consists in the formation of local information models containing relevant data on the production and logistics system of a machine-building enterprise

COMPLEX APPROACH METHODOLOGY AT DESIGNING VENTILATING EQUIPMENT WITH HEAT RECUPERATOR FOR ENTERPRISES OF ENGINEERING INDUSTRY

There are problems unsettled by manufacturers and installers of ventilation equipment during the design and definition of economy of its use connected with the absence of taking into account specific peculiarities of conditions for its operation and definition of reliable initial data for designing that causes errors during designing and unjustified expectations of a customer. There are obtained analytical dependences allowing the definition of reliable initial data for designing ventilation equipment with the recuperator of the heat of air removed for the specific conditions of operation in an engineering workshop. On their basis there is developed an algorithm for the computation of money savings taking into account actual energy consumption in value terms while overcoming aerodynamic resistances, a technique for the automated choice of essential equipment is also shown. The problem of the theoretical definition of incoming air temperature at the output of the recuperator Tin. air re. is solved. For computation automation there is carried out an approximation of data by mean temperature Tatm during diurnal hours Tatm day and nocturnal ones Tnoct. of the day for the last ten years for the eastern areas of Belarus and regression equations are obtained. The algorithm obtained in combination with analytical dependences for the definition of the condensate volume formed in the recuperator at the efficient arrangement of the ventilation equipment make a methodology for the complex approach at designing ventilation equipment with the heat recuperator for enterprises of engineering industry. The methodology mentioned allows designing a ventilation system for the workshop of an engineering enterprise in accordance with specific conditions of its operation it also allows defining a reliable value of economy of funds taking into account actual loss.

“Collect, acquire, analyze, report, and disseminate statistical data related to the science and engineering enterprise…”: The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics

The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) is one of the thirteen principal statistical agencies of the United States and is tasked with providing objective data on the status of the science and engineering enterprise in the U.S. and other countries. NCSES sponsors or co-sponsors data collection on 15 surveys and produces two key publications: Science and Engineering Indicators, and Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering. Though policy-neutral, the data and reports produced by NCSES are used by policymakers when making policy decisions regarding STEM education and research funding in the U.S. Given NCSES’s importance to the science and engineering community, raising awareness of NCSES and increasing participation by individuals in STEM fields is an important priority.

Coordination of interests of the company-customer of high-speed rolling stock and the transport engineering enterprise as a component of sustainable development of high-speed traffic

The article presents a model of interaction between a customer company of high-speed rolling stock and a transport engineering enterprise, which ensures the coordination of the interests of organizations for the sustainable development of high-speed traffic.