Risk-Based Decision-Making for Managing Resources During the Design of Complex Space Exploration Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 1014-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Farhang Mehr ◽  
Irem Y. Tumer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Complex Space ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
System Level ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Risk Elements

Complex space exploration systems are often designed in collaborative engineering environments where requirements and design decisions by various subsystem engineers have a great impact on the overall risk of the mission. As a result, the system-level management should allocate risk mitigation resources (e.g., capital to place additional sensors or to improve the current technology) among various risk elements such that the main objectives of the system are achieved as closely as possible. Minimizing risk has been long accepted as one of the major drivers for system-level decisions and particularly resource management. In this context, Risk-Based Decision Making refers to a process that allocates resources in such a way that the expected risk of the overall system is minimized. This paper presents a new risk-based design decision-making method, referred to as Risk and Uncertainty Based Concurrent Integrated Design Methodology or RUBIC Design Methodology for short. The new approach is based on concepts from portfolio optimization theory and continuous resource management, extended to provide a mathematical rigor for risk-based decision-making during the design of complex space exploration systems. The RUBIC design method is based on the idea that a unit of resource, allocated to mitigate a certain risk in the system, contributes to the overall system risk reduction in the following two ways: (1) by mitigating that particular risk; and (2) by impacting other risk elements in the system (i.e., the correlation among various risk elements). RUBIC then provides a probabilistic framework for reducing the expected risk of the final system via optimal allocation of available risk-mitigation resources. The application of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a satellite reaction wheel example.

A Preliminary Study of Novice and Expert Users’ Decision-Making Procedures During Visual Trade Space Exploration

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wolf ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson ◽  
Xiaolong Luke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Trade Space Exploration ◽  
Insight Into

Thanks to recent advances in computing power and speed, designers can now generate a wealth of data on demand to support engineering design decision-making. Unfortunately, while the ability to generate and store new data continues to grow, methods and tools to support multi-dimensional data exploration have evolved at a much slower pace. Moreover, current methods and tools are often ill-equipped at accommodating evolving knowledge sources and expert-driven exploration that is being enabled by computational thinking. In this paper, we discuss ongoing research that seeks to transform decades-old decision-making paradigms rooted in operations research by considering how to effectively convert data into knowledge that enhances decision-making and leads to better designs. Specifically, we address decision-making within the area of trade space exploration by conducting human-computer interaction studies using multi-dimensional data visualization software that we have been developing. We first discuss a Pilot Study that was conducted to gain insight into expected differences between novice and expert decision-makers using a small test group. We then present the results of two Preliminary Experiments designed to gain insight into procedural differences in how novices and experts use multi-dimensional data visualization and exploration tools and to measure their ability to use these tools effectively when solving an engineering design problem. This work supports our goal of developing training protocols that support efficient and effective trade space exploration.

Concurrent Optimization of Product Design and Manufacturing Coping With Demand Variability

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Yoshimura ◽  
Atsushi Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Practical Design

Abstract A user-oriented product design methodology for integrating design, manufacturing and marketing is proposed and the practical design optimization procedures are constructed and presented. First, market demand analyses are conducted by dividing users into groups based on similarities of users’ needs. The product satisfaction level of each group is formulated using the users’ satisfaction levels for product attributes. Next, in order to obtain optimum design solutions effectively in the integrated decision making processes of design, manufacturing and marketing (which include an enormous number of decision variables), multiphase procedures of design optimization are constructed according to simplicity levels of shape modelings with structural characteristics and manufacturing costs which can be evaluated. Then, practical design decision making procedures from the extraction of design alternatives through the determination of detailed decision variables are described corresponding to multiphase modeling starting with simplified models and advancing to detailed models. Here, the objective function of decision making is to maximize the satisfaction level of product user. Finally, the proposed integrated design optimization method is applied to industrial robots for demonstrating the effectiveness of the method.

scholarly journals Front End Projects Benefits Realisation from a Requirements Management Perspective—A Systematic Literature Review

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Joas Serugga ◽  
Mike Kagioglou ◽  
Patricia Tzortzopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Requirements Management ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Front End ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
New Research

The recent notable emergence of a body of research in requirements management on one hand and benefits realisation has contributed to addressing a growing need for improved performance in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) projects. However, front end design (FED) as one of the vital processes in the project life cycle and delivery has attracted limited research to date within this understanding. This paper aims to map current evidence on requirements management in facilitating benefits realisation from an FED perspective. This is to bring about an updated and unified position on requirements management for its impact on design decision making. A systematic review of the literature covering the last ten years (2008–2018) aims first to build understanding and support identification of these emergent conceptual positions and secondly underscore essential requirements and their categorisations that impact on design discourse in FED. One hundred sixty-one peer-reviewed journal papers in the areas of benefits realisation and/or requirements management and/or FED based are identified on a pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty-six requirements are identified as important in influencing use case changes important in design decision making broadly grouped into nine major categories. Following analysis, this research finds little evidence supporting an integrated requirements management practice and understanding to support design decision making. The research further finds bias in current research discourse towards four requirements categories (technical, economics, governance and environment); and 14 requirements, dominated by three strategic values, collaboration and project governance, with over 80% share of literature. The least 14 requirements such as “flow of spaces, social status/aspiration, mobility and integrated design” among others only account for less than 10% of literature. The authors argue for new research to bridge this gap, highlight the essential role of requirements management and broaden understanding to improve benefits realisation, particularly for FED processes.

Non-Intuitive Dependent Decision Making: Sub-Optimal Design Selection

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Daniel Cooksey ◽  
Dimitri Mavris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Design Selection

This paper explores a flaw in traditional design decision making (including optimization) when uncertainty is present. It introduces the concept of the Non-Intuitive Dependent Decision Making (NIDDM) problem, where the assumption that each of the design alternatives is independent can be false due to a common underlying uncertainty. In this situation, the implicit assumption that design alternatives are independent can lead to a sub-optimal selection. This paper provides a simplified example of the NIDDM problem, and uses this to define the conditions where the NIDDM problem arises. An aerospace design toolset is then used to explore the NIDDM problem in realistic conditions, and a discussion is presented about when traditional robust design processes are appropriate or an alternative design methodology is needed.

Integrating Safety and Crew Resource Management (CRM) Aspects in the Recurrent Training of Cabin Crew Members

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrina Ritzmann ◽  
Annette Kluge ◽  
Vera Hagemann ◽  
Margot Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Crew Resource Management ◽  
Training Module ◽  
Cabin Crew ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Aviation Training ◽  
Training Format ◽  
Instructional Design Principles ◽  
Practical Instruction

Recurrent training of cabin crew should include theoretical and practical instruction on safety as well as crew resource management (CRM) issues. The endeavors of Swiss International Air Lines Ltd. and Swiss Aviation Training Ltd. to integrate CRM and safety aspects into a single training module were evaluated. The objective of the integration was to make CRM more tangible and ease acquisition of competencies and transfer of CRM training content to practice by showing its relevance in relation to safety tasks. It was of interest whether the integrated design would be mirrored in a more favorable perception by the trainees as measured with a questionnaire. Participants reacted more positively to the integrated training than to stand-alone CRM training, although the integrated training was judged as being slightly more difficult and less oriented toward instructional design principles. In a range of forced-choice questions, the majority of participants opted for an integrated training format because it was seen as livelier and more interesting and also more practically relevant. For the forthcoming training cycle, a better alignment of training with instructional principles and an even higher degree of training integration by using simulator scenarios are striven for.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document