Morphometry of Cat’s Pulmonary Arterial Tree

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Yen ◽  
F. Y. Zhuang ◽  
Y. C. Fung ◽  
H. H. Ho ◽  
H. Tremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right

Morphometic data of the pulmonary artery in the cat’s right lung are presented. Silicone elastomer casts of cat’s right lung were made, and measured, counted and analyzed. The Strahler system is used to describe the branching pattern of the arterial vascular tree. These data are needed for any quantitative approach to the study of the pulmonary circulation. For all the pulmonary blood vessels of the cat lying between the main pulmonary artery and the capillary beds, there are a total of 10 orders of vessels in the right upper lobe, 9 orders of vessels in the right middle lobe and 11 orders of vessels in the right lower lobe. The ratio of the number of branches in successive orders of vessels or the branching ratio, is 3.58. The corresponding average diameter ratio is 1.72, whereas the average length ratio is 1.81.

Morphometry of cat pulmonary venous tree

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Yen ◽  
F. Y. Zhuang ◽  
Y. C. Fung ◽  
H. H. Ho ◽  
H. Tremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Vascular Tree ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Branches

Morphometric data of the pulmonary veins in the cat right lung are presented. Silicone elastomer casts of the right lungs of five cats were made, measured, counted, and analyzed. The Strahler system is used to describe the branching pattern of the vascular tree. These data are needed for the physicomathematical approach to pulmonary circulation. For all the pulmonary blood vessels lying between the left atrium and the capillary beds, there are a total of 10 orders of vessels in the right upper lobe, 9 orders of vessels in the right middle lobe, and 11 orders of vessels in the right lower lobe. The ratios of the diameters, lengths, and the number of branches in successive orders of vessels are called the diameter, length, and branching ratios, respectively. For the cat pulmonary venous tree, the average branching ratio is 3.521, the average diameter ratio is 1.727, and the average length ratio is 2.402 for vessels of orders 1-3 and 1.532 for vessels of orders 4-10.

scholarly journals An aberrant mediastinal medial basal segmental pulmonary artery (A7a) in a patient with lung cancer: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Takase ◽  
Hiroyoshi Tsubochi ◽  
Ei Yamaki ◽  
Osamu Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Lobe Bronchus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Mediastinal branching of the A7a from the right main pulmonary artery (PA) is extremely rare. Herein, we report a patient with an aberrant mediastinal A7a who underwent right basal segmentectomy for lung cancer. Case presentation A 73-year-old man was referred to our department for a right lower lobe nodule measuring 18 mm in diameter on computed tomography (CT). Three-dimensional (3D) CT revealed mediastinal A7a branching from the right main PA. As the patient had undergone colectomy for advanced ascending colon cancer, the nodule was suspected to be a metastasis from the colon primary, and thus, basal segmentectomy of the right lung was performed. Intraoperatively, the A7a was observed behind the V4+5 and middle lobe bronchus. The pathological diagnosis was combined small cell carcinoma with an adenocarcinoma component (p-T1cN0M0, stage IA3). The patient subsequently received adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer. At 1-year postoperative follow-up, there was no evidence of disease. Conclusion This is the first report describing an aberrant mediastinal A7a branching from the right main PA. It is important to obtain accurate information about variations of the PA using 3D-CT for safe anatomical pulmonary resection.

Ca(2+)-activated Cl- currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. H1577-H1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Clapp ◽  
J. L. Turner ◽  
R. Z. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Response Current

Currents from smooth muscle cells isolated from the pulmonary arterial tree of the rat were recorded under voltage clamp using the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Rapid increases in cytosolic free calcium evoked by flash photolysis of Nitr-5 activated a current that, following ion substitution and pharmacological experiments, proved to be carried by Cl-. This current [ICl(Ca)] was evoked independently of photolytic by-products and, although smaller, was still activated in the absence of pipette ATP. Experiments revealed that ICl(Ca) was evoked in 80% in the cells isolated from the main pulmonary artery but only in 43% of the cells isolated from small vessels (200-400 microns ID). Application of caffeine also resulted in activation of ICl(ca), although the response current magnitude was larger in the main pulmonary artery. Photolysis of Nitr-5 still activated ICl(ca) in the presence of caffeine, suggesting that Ca2-release is not a prerequisite for activation of ICl(ca). These results represents in the first electrophysiological recordings of Cl- currents from small pulmonary arterial vessels and indicate that their Ca2+ regulation and/or distribution may be different throughout the pulmonary circulation.

scholarly journals Pulmonary artery sling in a symptomatic newborn

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-257
Author(s):  
İlker Mercan ◽  
Muhammet Akyuz ◽  
Onur Işık
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Sling ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Artery Branch

Pulmonary arterial sling (PAS) is a relatively rare congenital anomaly in which left pulmonary artery branch originates abnormally from the right pulmonary artery, eventually resulting with respiratory symptoms, due to airway obstruction. In this report, we present a PAS in a neonate who showed progressive respiratory distress in the second week following delivery. At 25 days of age, the patient underwent total surgical correction of the anomaly, during which left pulmonary artery reimplantation to main pulmonary artery without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass was employed. Following an uneventful recovery, the patient was discharged eighteen days after surgery.

scholarly journals A Case of Swyer-James-Macleod Syndrome Associated with Middle Lobe Hypoplasia and Arteriovenous Malformation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Kaplanoglu ◽  
Veysel Kaplanoglu ◽  
Ugur Toprak ◽  
Alper Dilli ◽  
Baki Hekimoglu
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Thorax Ct ◽  
Volume Decrease

A 58-year-old female patient presented to the hospital with hearing loss. In the chest radiography obtained before her ear surgery, volume decrease in the right hemithorax, elevation of the right diaphragm, and increase of ventilation in the right lung were detected. At the thorax CT-CT angiography, hypoplasia of the main pulmonary artery and its branches and arteriovenous malformation localized in the middle lobe of the right lung were detected. Thus, diagnosis of Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome associated with right lung middle lobe hypoplasia and arteriovenous malformation was made. This kind of association has not been reported earlier, so we are presenting it in the light of the literature knowledge.

Pulmonary arterial transit times

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 770-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dawson ◽  
R. L. Capen ◽  
L. P. Latham ◽  
W. L. Hanson ◽  
S. E. Hofmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

To begin to characterize the pulmonary arterial transport function we rapidly injected a bolus containing a radiopaque dye and a fluorescence dye into the right atrium of anesthetized dogs. The concentrations of the dye indicators were measured in the main pulmonary artery (fluoroscopically) and in a subpleural pulmonary arteriole (by fluorescence microscopy). The resulting concentration vs. time curves were subjected to numerical deconvolution and moment analysis to determine how the bolus was dispersed as it traveled through the arteriole stream tube from the main pulmonary artery to the arteriole. The mean transit time and standard deviation of the transport function from the main pulmonary artery to the arterioles studied averaged 1.94 and 1.23 s, respectively, and the relative dispersion (ratio of standard deviation to mean transit time) was approximately 64%. This relative dispersion is at least as large as those reported for the whole dog lung, indicating that relative to their respective mean transit times the dispersion upstream from the arterioles is comparable to that taking place in capillaries and/or veins. The standard deviations of the transport functions were proportional to their mean transit times. Thus the relative dispersion from the main pulmonary artery to the various arterioles studied was fairly consistent. However, there were variations in mean transit time even between closely adjacent arterioles, suggesting that variations in mean transit times between arteriole stream tubes also contribute to the dispersion in the pulmonary arterial tree.

scholarly journals Preserved right ventricular integrity in a new telemetric rat model of severe pulmonary hypertension

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. L957-L963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina Schreiber ◽  
Magdalena Eilenberg ◽  
Attila Kiss ◽  
Helga Bergmeister ◽  
Bruno Podesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Implantation Technique ◽  
Hemodynamic Assessment ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right

Telemetric monitoring of hemodynamic parameters has become an established standard in experimental models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). To that purpose, a dedicated catheter is usually implanted through the right ventricular wall of study animals. Drawbacks of this standard technique are as follows: obtained pressures are from the right ventricle and therefore only surrogates for pulmonary arterial pressures, and furthermore, right ventricular myocardium is always damaged to a certain degree. To overcome shortcomings of standard hemodynamic assessment, we modified an established rat model, where severe PAH is induced by left-sided pneumonectomy plus monocrotaline injection. We describe here a novel telemetry catheter implantation technique, where the device is advanced into the pulmonary artery via the remaining stump and the transmitter is placed in a subcutaneous pocket. A total of 105 rats were operated with a median (range) implantation time of 50 (30–88) min and an excellent perioperative survival of 93%. After monocrotaline induction on day 7, animals developed severe PAH with mean ± SD pressures of 75.9 ± 18.6 (systolic), 55.0 ± 18.0 (mean), and 42.1 ± 21.3 mmHg (diastolic) after 4 wk. Postmortem, the animals showed severe right ventricular hypertrophy, and histological analysis confirmed excessive medial hypertrophy and intimal hyperplasia, both characteristic features of human PAH. Comparison of the new telemetric model with standard microtip catheterization did not show relevant measurement differences. We established the first experimental animal model for PAH with preserved right ventricular integrity that allows direct telemetric monitoring of real-time systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures in the main pulmonary artery of freely moving rats.

Cardiac Output Measurement

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Magee ◽  
Mark Tooley
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Left Atrial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Output Measurement ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right

The pulmonary artery catheter was the mainstay of clinical cardiac output measurement for many years, but because of its relatively invasive nature and the lack of improvement of clinical outcome with its use, it is now seldom used in a modern clinical environment. Any perceived accuracy of the technique is now considered unnecessary in the face of the risks of its use, and with the introduction of newer non-invasive techniques. Nevertheless, it is worth describing, partly because of its historical interest, and partly because of the technologies involved. A catheter passed into the right atrium from an easily accessible central vein can be passed through the right ventricle and out into the pulmonary arterial tree while the vascular waveforms are visualised. Figure 13.1 shows the waveforms as they appear to the user. A small balloon at the tip of the catheter allows it to be flow directed and wedged in a pulmonary arterial vessel. At this point the pulsatile waveform is lost and the tip of the catheter is looking ahead, down the pulmonary arterial tree towards the left atrium, a system with a relatively low pressure drop from one end to the other, the flow in that vessel having been brought temporarily to a standstill. Thus the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) can be considered a reasonably accurate representation of left atrial pressure or left ventricular filling pressure. This assumes that there is no pulmonary vascular disease, such as pulmonary hypertension, or mitral valve disease, in which case PAOP would not be an accurate representation of left atrial pressure. If the catheter is placed in the apical region of the pulmonary vascular tree, the excess of the alveolar pressure in inspiration over pulmonary capillary pressure becomes significant, and the latter is a less accurate reflection of left atrial pressure. The balloon should not be over-inflated for fear of rupturing the pulmonary artery, and this is one of its perceived risks that has led to less usage. Once the measurement has been made, the balloon should be deflated so that the pulmonary arterial waveform is once again visible, if necessary withdrawing the catheter a bit to achieve this; failure to do so would result in regional lack of perfusion and may result in ischaemia.

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