Morphometry of cat pulmonary venous tree

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Yen ◽  
F. Y. Zhuang ◽  
Y. C. Fung ◽  
H. H. Ho ◽  
H. Tremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Vascular Tree ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Branches

Morphometric data of the pulmonary veins in the cat right lung are presented. Silicone elastomer casts of the right lungs of five cats were made, measured, counted, and analyzed. The Strahler system is used to describe the branching pattern of the vascular tree. These data are needed for the physicomathematical approach to pulmonary circulation. For all the pulmonary blood vessels lying between the left atrium and the capillary beds, there are a total of 10 orders of vessels in the right upper lobe, 9 orders of vessels in the right middle lobe, and 11 orders of vessels in the right lower lobe. The ratios of the diameters, lengths, and the number of branches in successive orders of vessels are called the diameter, length, and branching ratios, respectively. For the cat pulmonary venous tree, the average branching ratio is 3.521, the average diameter ratio is 1.727, and the average length ratio is 2.402 for vessels of orders 1-3 and 1.532 for vessels of orders 4-10.

Morphometry of Cat’s Pulmonary Arterial Tree

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Yen ◽  
F. Y. Zhuang ◽  
Y. C. Fung ◽  
H. H. Ho ◽  
H. Tremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right

Morphometic data of the pulmonary artery in the cat’s right lung are presented. Silicone elastomer casts of cat’s right lung were made, and measured, counted and analyzed. The Strahler system is used to describe the branching pattern of the arterial vascular tree. These data are needed for any quantitative approach to the study of the pulmonary circulation. For all the pulmonary blood vessels of the cat lying between the main pulmonary artery and the capillary beds, there are a total of 10 orders of vessels in the right upper lobe, 9 orders of vessels in the right middle lobe and 11 orders of vessels in the right lower lobe. The ratio of the number of branches in successive orders of vessels or the branching ratio, is 3.58. The corresponding average diameter ratio is 1.72, whereas the average length ratio is 1.81.

Involvement of the #12u Lymph Nodes Around the Upper Lobe Bronchi in Patients with Lung Cancer of the Right Middle Lobe, Right Lower Lobe, or Left Lower Lobe

Surgery Today ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Masami Sato ◽  
Yasuki Saito ◽  
Hirokazu Aikawa ◽  
Akira Sakurada ◽  
Tatsuo Tanita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Left Lower Lobe ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Evaluation of dynamic lung changes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by quantitative computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-873
Author(s):  
Cong Shen ◽  
Nan Yu ◽  
Shubo Cai ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Jiexin Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to trace the dynamic lung changes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using computed tomography (CT) images by a quantitative method. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 28 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 145 CT scans are collected. The lesions are detected automatically and the parameters including lesion volume (LeV/mL), lesion percentage to lung volume (LeV%), mean lesion density (MLeD/HU), low attenuation area lower than – 400HU (LAA-400%), and lesion weight (LM/mL*HU) are computed for quantification. The dynamic changes of lungs are traced from the day of initial symptoms to the day of discharge. The lesion distribution among the five lobes and the dynamic changes in each lobe are also analyzed. RESULTS: LeV%, MLeD, and LM reach peaks on days 9, 6 and 8, followed by a decrease trend in the next two weeks. LAA-400% (mostly the ground glass opacity) declines to the lowest on days 4–5, and then increases. The lesion is mostly seen in the bilateral lower lobes, followed by the left upper lobe, right upper lobe and right middle lobe (p < 0.05). The right middle lobe is the earliest one (on days 6–7), while the right lower lobe is the latest one (on days 9–10) that reaches to peak among the five lobes. CONCLUSIONS: Severity of COVID-19 increases from the day of initial symptoms, reaches to the peak around on day 8, and then decreases. Lesion is more commonly seen in the bilateral lower lobes.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Patients With COVID-19 Associated Pneumonia From the City of Wuhan

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962093677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianpu Chen ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Shutong Zhang ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Xiaoqing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
D Dimer

The aim of this study was to describe clinical, imaging, and laboratory features of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) in patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia who underwent a computed tomography pulmonary artery (CTPA) scan for suspected APE were retrospectively studied. Laboratory data and CTPA images were collected. Imaging characteristics were analyzed descriptively. Laboratory data were analyzed and compared between patients with and without APE. A series of 25 COVID-19 patients who underwent CTPA between January 2020 and February 2020 were enrolled. The median D-dimer level founded in these 25 patients was 6.06 μg/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 1.90-14.31 μg/mL). Ten (40%) patients with APE had a significantly higher level of D-dimer (median, 11.07 μg/mL; IQR, 7.12-21.66 vs median, 2.44 μg/mL; IQR, 1.68-8.34, respectively, P = .003), compared with the 15 (60%) patients without APE. No significant differences in other laboratory data were found between patients with and without APE. Among the 10 patients with APE, 6 (60%) had a bilateral pulmonary embolism, while 4 had a unilateral embolism. The thrombus-prone sites were the right lower lobe (70%), the left upper lobe (60%), both upper lobe (40%) and the right middle lobe (20%). The thrombus was partially or completely absorbed after anticoagulant therapy in 3 patients who underwent a follow-up CTPA. Patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia have a risk of developing APE during the disease. When the D-dimer level abnormally increases in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, CTPA should be performed to detect and assess the severity of APE.

scholarly journals Automated Lobe-Based Airway Labeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suicheng Gu ◽  
Zhimin Wang ◽  
Jill M. Siegfried ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
William L. Bigbee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Unit ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Centerline Extraction ◽  
Airway Segmentation ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
Airway Tree ◽  
The Right

Regional quantitative analysis of airway morphological abnormalities is of great interest in lung disease investigation. Considering that pulmonary lobes are relatively independent functional unit, we develop and test a novel and efficient computerized scheme in this study to automatically and robustly classify the airways into different categories in terms of pulmonary lobe. Given an airway tree, which could be obtained using any available airway segmentation scheme, the developed approach consists of four basic steps: (1) airway skeletonization or centerline extraction, (2) individual airway branch identification, (3) initial rule-based airway classification/labeling, and (4) self-correction of labeling errors. In order to assess the performance of this approach, we applied it to a dataset consisting of 300 chest CT examinations in a batch manner and asked an image analyst to subjectively examine the labeled results. Our preliminary experiment showed that the labeling accuracy for the right upper lobe, the right middle lobe, the right lower lobe, the left upper lobe, and the left lower lobe is 100%, 99.3%, 99.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Among these, only two cases are incorrectly labeled due to the failures in airway detection. It takes around 2 minutes to label an airway tree using this algorithm.

Involvement of the #12u lymph nodes around the upper lobe bronchi in patients with lung cancer of the right middle lobe, right lower lobe, or left lower lobe

Surgery Today ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Sato ◽  
Yasuki Saito ◽  
Hirokazu Aikawa ◽  
Akira Sakurada ◽  
Motoyasu Sagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Left Lower Lobe ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right

BRONCHIECTASIS IN CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
C. ELAINE FIELD
Keyword(s):  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Childhood Illnesses ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Postural Drainage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
Bronchial Dilatation ◽  
The Right

Non-aeration of alveoli is a feature common to the childhood illnesses predisposing to bronchiectasis and is regarded as the important factor in the aetiology of the disease, infection playing a subsidiary part. Pulmonary collapse is therefore regarded as a prebronchiectatic state and in order to assess its importance two groups of cases have been studied: (1) 272 cases of pulmonary collapse; (2) 99 cases in which the diagnosis of bronchiectasis was doubtful at first examination. Pulmonary collapse was seen most frequently in the right middle lobe and left lower lobe. It was usually persistent in the left upper lobe but frequently the right lower lobe reexpanded. The duration of cough, according to the history, was commonly of three months' duration ion or less in cases of pulmonary collapse that reexpanded, in contrast to the long history of two years or more in the majority of cases that developed bronchiectasis. Of the 272 cases of pulmonary collapse, only 157 reexpanded without permanent bronchiectatic changes. It was not uncommon, however, to find temporary bronchial dilatation in this group, the bronchi returning to normal calibre when the collapse reexpanded—a condition described as reversible bronchiectasis. The treatment recommended for pulmonary collapse includes steam inhalations, postural drainage, and breathing exercises. Unless foreign body is suspected, immediate bronchoscopy is no longer considered necessary. No significant difference in the incidence of reexpansion of the lung was found between the cases treated with bronchoscopy and those treated without. Ninety-nine cases were classified as doubtful bronchiectasis when first seen. Of these, 47.5% suffered from asthma, a disease frequently difficult to differentiate from bornchiectasis. Forty of the 99 cases have now developed true irreversible bronchiectasis after a period of three or more years. It was necessary to observe cases showing doubtful bronchial dilatation over a period of years, the bronchograms being repeated at intervals in order to determine the permanently diseased parts.

scholarly journals Clinical and imaging features of pediatric COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Ru-Ming Xie ◽  
Yu-Lin He ◽  
Li-Hong Xing ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Pediatric COVID-19 is relatively mild and may vary from that in adults. This study was to investigate the epidemic, clinical, and imaging features of pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods Forty-one children infected with COVID-19 were analyzed in the epidemic, clinical and imaging data. Results Among 30 children with mild COVID-19, seven had no symptoms, fifteen had low or mediate fever, and eight presented with cough, nasal congestion, diarrhea, headache, or fatigue. Among eleven children with moderate COVID-19, nine presented with low or mediate fever, accompanied with cough and runny nose, and two had no symptoms. Significantly (P < 0.05) more children had a greater rate of cough in moderate than in mild COVID-19. Thirty children with mild COVID-19 were negative in pulmonary CT imaging, whereas eleven children with moderate COVID-19 had pulmonary lesions, including ground glass opacity in ten (90.9%), patches of high density in six (54.5%), consolidation in three (27.3%), and enlarged bronchovascular bundles in seven (63.6%). The lesions were distributed along the bronchus in five patients (45.5%). The lymph nodes were enlarged in the pulmonary hilum in two patients (18.2%). The lesions were presented in the right upper lobe in two patients (18.1%), right middle lobe in one (9.1%), right lower lobe in six (54.5%), left upper lobe in five (45.5%), and left lower lobe in eight (72.7%). Conclusions Children with COVID-19 have mild or moderate clinical and imaging presentations. A better understanding of the clinical and CT imaging helps ascertaining those with negative nucleic acid and reducing misdiagnosis rate for those with atypical and concealed symptoms.

scholarly journals Metastatic renal cell carcinoma extending to the left atrium through the inferior pulmonary vein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G Dawson ◽  
Cathy J Richards ◽  
Leonidas Hadjinikolaou ◽  
Apostolos Nakas
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Inferior Pulmonary Vein ◽  
The Right

Abstract Metastatic renal cell carcinoma with involvement through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium is very rare. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the right lower lobe of the lung abutting the inferior pulmonary vein with extension to the left atrium without pre-operative evidence. Surgical resection was achieved through a posterolateral thoracotomy. Lung masses that abut the pulmonary veins should prompt further investigation with a pre-operative transoesophageal echocardiogram to minimize unexpected intraoperative findings.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Tuberculosis mimicking a right Eventration on Radiography: The falsity of single view radiograph in the diagnosis of a precursor of pulmonary disease: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
John Ogunkoya ◽  
Oluwatosin Yetunde Adesuyi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single View ◽  
Lymph Node Enlargement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Background: The diaphragm is one of the most important muscles of respiration in the body separating the abdomen from the thorax. Abnormalities of the diaphragm could be congenital or acquired, morphological or functional while pulmonary infection e.g. pulmonary tuberculosis, is implicated in its etiology. Case presentation: A 63-year- old man with six weeks history of cough productive of yellowish sputum. Chest X-ray showed a uniform well-circumscribed opacity in the right lower lobe abutting on or in continuum with the right diaphragm consistent with a diaphragmatic hump. Sputum Gene Xpert was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chest CT scan revealed bilateral lymph node enlargement with hyperdense lesions in the anterior basal segment of the right lower lobe and medial bronchopulmonary segments of the right middle lobe. He was treated for 6 months with first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Discussion: The incidence of the diaphragmatic hump on chest radiograph worldwide and among Nigerians is unknown. The association of diaphragmatic hump with chest infection has been well document. The association of diaphragmatic hump with pulmonary tuberculosis is uncommon. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis with atypical clinical and radiological presentations. Such prompt diagnosis will aid the treatment of the disease.

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