A Review of Attachment of StratapaxR Using Gas Pressure Diffusion Bonding

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jellison ◽  
C. F. Huff
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Cyclic Load ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Gas Shale ◽  
Pressure Diffusion ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
White Granite

The development of the gas pressure diffusion bonding technique for attachment of StratapaxR diamond cutters to studs or bit blanks is reviewed in this paper. This paper updates the results presented previously on a continuing project conducted for the Division of Oil, Gas, Shale and In Situ Technology, Department of Energy. The process has been developed to a point where bonded parts can be obtained from commercial suppliers. A complete description is given of the latest bonding process including surface conditioning, metallization, canning, and gas pressure bonding. Results from experiments designed to facilitate reliable fabrication are included. Bond strengths of samples obtained from commercial suppliers have shear strengths (500 MPa) comparable to those developed at Sandia Laboratories. Results from laboratory drilling experiments are included. These tests were run to demonstrate the reliability of the bond in a cyclic load environment. With a suitable attachment technique and adequate cooling, the Stratapax has demonstrated superior cutting capabilities in rock with rates of penetration to 7.6 mm/s in Sierra White Granite.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Ice Particle Shape Estimates from Polarimetric Radar Measurements and In Situ Observations

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2569-2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Y. Matrosov ◽  
Carl G. Schmitt ◽  
Maximilian Maahn ◽  
Gijs de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Particle Shape ◽  
Characteristic Size ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Depolarization Ratio ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Radar Measurements

AbstractA remote sensing approach to retrieve the degree of nonsphericity of ice hydrometeors using scanning polarimetric Ka-band radar measurements from a U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program cloud radar operated in an alternate transmission–simultaneous reception mode is introduced. Nonsphericity is characterized by aspect ratios representing the ratios of particle minor-to-major dimensions. The approach is based on the use of a circular depolarization ratio (CDR) proxy reconstructed from differential reflectivity ZDR and copolar correlation coefficient ρhυ linear polarization measurements. Essentially combining information contained in ZDR and ρhυ, CDR-based retrievals of aspect ratios are fairly insensitive to hydrometeor orientation if measurements are performed at elevation angles of around 40°–50°. The suggested approach is applied to data collected using the third ARM Mobile Facility (AMF3), deployed to Oliktok Point, Alaska. Aspect ratio retrievals were also performed using ZDR measurements that are more strongly (compared to CDR) influenced by hydrometeor orientation. The results of radar-based retrievals are compared with in situ measurements from the tethered balloon system (TBS)-based video ice particle sampler and the ground-based multiangle snowflake camera. The observed ice hydrometeors were predominantly irregular-shaped ice crystals and aggregates, with aspect ratios varying between approximately 0.3 and 0.8. The retrievals assume that particle bulk density influencing (besides the particle shape) observed polarimetric variables can be deduced from the estimates of particle characteristic size. Uncertainties of CDR-based aspect ratio retrievals are estimated at about 0.1–0.15. Given these uncertainties, radar-based retrievals generally agreed with in situ measurements. The advantages of using the CDR proxy compared to the linear depolarization ratio are discussed.

In-Situ Diffraction Studies of Gas Storage Materials on a Laboratory X-Ray System

2013 ◽  
Vol 1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Sommariva ◽  
Harald van Weeren ◽  
Olga Narygina ◽  
Jan-André Gertenbach ◽  
Christian Resch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Model Studies

ABSTRACTThe sorption processes for hydrogen and carbon dioxide are of considerable, and growing interest, particularly due to their relevance to a society that seeks to replace fossil fuels with a more sustainable energy source. X-ray diffraction allows a unique perspective for studying structural modifications and reaction mechanisms that occur when gas and solid interact. The fundamental challenge associated with such a study is that experiments are conducted while the solid sample is held under a gas pressure. To date in-situ high gas pressure studies of this nature have typically been undertaken at large-scale facilities such as synchrotrons or on dedicated laboratory instruments. Here we report high-pressure XRD studies carried out on a multi-purpose diffractometer. To demonstrate the suitability of the equipment, two model studies were carried out, firstly the reversible hydrogen cycling over LaNi5, and secondly the structural change that occurs during the decomposition of ammonia borane that results in the generation of hydrogen gas in the reaction chamber. The results have been finally compared to the literature. The study has been made possible by the combination of rapid X-ray detectors with a reaction chamber capable of withstanding gas pressures up to 100 bar and temperatures up to 900 °C.

scholarly journals Research on the Disaster-Inducing Mechanism of Coal-Gas Outburst

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxiang Nie ◽  
Honglei Wang ◽  
Liming Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Underground Coal Mining ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Gas Outburst ◽  
Mining Depth ◽  
Mining Coal ◽  
Occurrence Mechanism

In China, coal-gas outburst is seriously affecting safety of the coal mine. To improve the safety status of underground coal mining, this work investigated the evolution process and occurrence mechanism of coal-gas outburst under the coupling action of stress and gas. Results show that increasing either gas pressure or in-situ stress can make coal destroy and destabilize, and the contribution of gas pressure to coal failure is twice that of in-situ stress. In ultradeep coal mining, coal-gas outburst may occur even under the condition of low gas pressure due to large in-situ stress. Moreover, the larger the mining depth is, the lower the gas index is required for disaster occurrence. The results have certain guiding significance for coal energy mining and the control of coal-gas outburst in deep coal mining.

Groundwater Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium Along the Columbia River at the Hanford Site in Washington State, USA

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyan L. Foss ◽  
Briant L. Charboneau
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Hanford Site ◽  
Pump And Treat ◽  
Environmental Setting ◽  
Calcium Polysulfide

The U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site, formerly used for nuclear weapons production, encompasses 1500 square kilometers in southeast Washington State along the Columbia River. A principle threat to the river are the groundwater plumes of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), which affect approximately 9.8 square kilometers, and 4.1 kilometers of shoreline. Cleanup goals are to stop Cr(VI) from entering the river by the end of 2012 and remediate the groundwater plumes to the drinking water standards by the end of 2020. Five groundwater pump-and-treat systems are currently in operation for the remediation of Cr(VI). Since the 1990s, over 13.6 billion L of groundwater have been treated; over 1,435 kg of Cr(VI) have been removed. This paper describes the unique aspects of the site, its environmental setting, hydrogeology, groundwater-river interface, riverine hydraulic effects, remediation activities completed to date, a summary of the current and proposed pump-and-treat operations, the in situ redox manipulation barrier, and the effectiveness of passive barriers, resins, and treatability testing results of calcium polysulfide, biostimulation, and electrocoagulation, currently under evaluation.

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