Thermography as a Means of Blood Perfusion Measurement

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Francis ◽  
R. Roggli ◽  
T. J. Love ◽  
C. P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Strain Gage ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Perfusion Measurement ◽  
Blood Perfusion Rate ◽  
Human Forearm

The scanning infrared camera has been used to verify an analytical model relating blood perfusion rate to skin temperature. The blood perfusion rates were measured with both the mercury strain gage and the volume plethysmograph on the human forearm. Thermograms were taken of the forearm and temperature measured using an optical densitometer. Comparison of the volume plethysmograph with the strain gage, and the thermograms with the strain gage indicate thermography to be a useful means of measuring blood flow. Thermography has the advantages of being noninvasive and can be used to measure blood perfusion in parts of the body not easily monitored with occlusive techniques.

Thermal Pulse Decay Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Local Thermal Conductivity and Blood Perfusion: A Theoretical Analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Arkin ◽  
K. R. Holmes ◽  
M. M. Chen ◽  
W. G. Bottje
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Tissue Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Pulse ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Blood Perfusion Rate

Presented here is a theoretical analysis of the recently developed thermal pulse decay (TPD) method for a simultaneous measurement of local tissue conductivity and blood perfusion rate. The paper describes the theoretical model upon which the TPD method is based and details its capabilities and limitations. The theoretical aspects that affected the development of the measurement protocol are also discussed. The performance of the method is demonstrated with an experimental example which compares the measurements of local kidney blood perfusion rates made using the TPD method with the total renal blood flow obtained coincidentally using a blood flowmeter, in an anesthetized dog.

Bone blood flow shown with F18 and the positron camera

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Van Dyke ◽  
Hal O. Anger ◽  
Yukio Yano ◽  
Carlos Bozzini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Bone Blood Flow ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Blood Perfusion Rate ◽  
Fluoride Distribution ◽  
Initial Uptake

Development of the positron camera has made it possible to rapidly obtain pictures of the distribution of radioactive fluorine 18 in the living animal or human being. The distribution of F18 administered intravenously as fluoride ion is uneven in the normal skeleton. Furthermore, it is markedly altered in pathological conditions and accumulates at fracture sites, tumor sites, and in the lesions of Paget's disease. The initial uptake of fluoride in bone is dependent on the rate of delivery of the isotope to each bone (blood perfusion rate) and the extraction efficiency of that bone. Evidence is presented indicating the fluoride distribution in the skeleton is determined by differences in blood perfusion rate to the various bones rather than differences in extraction efficiency. We suggest that F18 distribution is an indicator of blood flow to bone.

scholarly journals Inert gas clearance from tissue by co-currently and counter-currently arranged microvessels

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lu ◽  
C. C. Michel ◽  
W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Blood Perfusion Rate ◽  
Counter Current Flow ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Counter Current

To elucidate the clearance of dissolved inert gas from tissues, we have developed numerical models of gas transport in a cylindrical block of tissue supplied by one or two capillaries. With two capillaries, attention is given to the effects of co-current and counter-current flow on tissue gas clearance. Clearance by counter-current flow is compared with clearance by a single capillary or by two co-currently arranged capillaries. Effects of the blood velocity, solubility, and diffusivity of the gas in the tissue are investigated using parameters with physiological values. It is found that under the conditions investigated, almost identical clearances are achieved by a single capillary as by a co-current pair when the total flow per tissue volume in each unit is the same (i.e., flow velocity in the single capillary is twice that in each co-current vessel). For both co-current and counter-current arrangements, approximate linear relations exist between the tissue gas clearance rate and tissue blood perfusion rate. However, the counter-current arrangement of capillaries results in less-efficient clearance of the inert gas from tissues. Furthermore, this difference in efficiency increases at higher blood flow rates. At a given blood flow, the simple conduction-capacitance model, which has been used to estimate tissue blood perfusion rate from inert gas clearance, underestimates gas clearance rates predicted by the numerical models for single vessel or for two vessels with co-current flow. This difference is accounted for in discussion, which also considers the choice of parameters and possible effects of microvascular architecture on the interpretation of tissue inert gas clearance.

Estimation of Tissue Blood Perfusion Rate from Diffusible Indicator Measurements: A Sensitivity Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shitzer ◽  
R. C. Eberhart ◽  
J. Eisenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Sensor Position ◽  
Blood Perfusion Rate

Recording the washout of indicator (for example, heat, radio-labeled dissolved gas, etc.) transiently introduced into tissue allows the estimation of tissue blood perfusion rate. Analysis of the washout data requires a material balance which appropriately accounts for all transport mechanisms and sources and sinks of the given indicator. From that balance one may perform a sensitivity analysis which specifies the susceptibility of the perfusion estimate to experimental errors in any of the pertinent parameters and variables. The sensitivity analysis is based on the normalized partial derivatives of tissue indicator concentration with respect to the experimental variables. The results indicate that the estimation of the tissue blood perfusion rate is highly sensitive to errors in the concentration of the diffusible indicator which dominate, by two orders of magnitude or more, the errors attributed to other parameters. For typical experimental conditions, the errors in the perfusion estimate due to the various parameters are shown to vary considerably, according to the sensor position and time of measurement. Based on this type of analysis, one may specify optimal temporal and spatial domains for the parameter estimation in order to minimize error propagation. The optimal time domains are shown to differ from those used in typical indicator washout analyses for estimating tissue perfusion rate.

Effects of laser acupuncture on blood perfusion rate

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-ju Wang ◽  
Chang-chun Zeng ◽  
Han-ping Liu ◽  
Song-hao Liu ◽  
Liang-gang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Laser Acupuncture ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Blood Perfusion Rate

Noninvasive Blood Perfusion Measurement on the Liver of an Anesthetized Rat

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Ricketts ◽  
Ashvinikumar V. Mudaliar ◽  
Brent E. Ellis ◽  
Thomas E. Diller ◽  
Elaine P. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
Perfusion Measurement ◽  
Flow Through

Blood perfusion is the local, non-directional blood flow through living tissue. It is measured as the volumetric flow rate of blood per volume of tissue and a large range of perfusion values have been reported for human tissue (i.e. 0.002–0.5 ml/ml/s). This large range is thought to be due to measurement sensitivity, environmental factors, and tissue type and location.

Temperature and creatine kinase changes during a 10-day taper period in sprinters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Korman ◽  
Krzysztof Kusy ◽  
Adam Kantanista ◽  
Anna Straburzynska-Lupa ◽  
Jacek Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Training Camp ◽  
Temperature Levels

Abstract Objective.The aim of this prospective cohort study, performed during a 10-day training camp, was to analyze the effect of a series of successive speed-power training sessions on the concurrent circadian changes in resting leg skin temperature and blood creatine kinase (CK) levels and to determine the correlation between them. Approach. Seventeen elite sprinters, aged 22‒31 years, were examined. Every morning and evening, capillary blood samples were drawn to assay CK levels. Lower limb skin temperature was measured simultaneously, and thermal images were taken using an infrared camera. Main results. From the first day of the training camp, the base temperature levels began to drop to obtain a significant reduction from the 6th day (male) and from the 8th day (female) to the end of the camp . Simultaneously, CK levels increased in the male group from 8th to the end of the camp, but it did not change significantly in females. Regarding the circadian rhythm, the CK levels always rose during the day and declined during the night. The temperature decreased during the day and increased during the night until the 6th day. After that, the temperature changed oppositely till the end of camp, i.e. it increased during the day and decreased during the night. This could suggest that the training microcycle should last about a week because after this time there may be a disturbance in the temperature circadian rhythm and a significant CK accumulation Significance. Multi-day speed-power training induced a progressive reduction in resting skin temperature and an elevation in CK levels. It also altered the circadian rhythm of the body skin temperature, which may indicate that after about 6 days of regular exercise, physiological deregulation may occur.

Prediction of skin burn injury. Part 2: Parametric and sensitivity analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Y-K Ng ◽  
L T Chua
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Injury Threshold ◽  
Blood Perfusion Rate

Part 2 of this paper presents an analysis of variance (ANOVA) for investigating the precedence of the various parameters, and the effects of varying these parameters, in assessment of burn injury resulting from the exposure of skin surface to heat sources. A one-dimensional model based on the finite difference method (FDM), as implemented in a spreadsheet software application, is applied to the assessment of burn injury. Henriques' theory of skin burns is used for determining the spatial and temporal extent of tissue damage. The ranks of the effects of various factors were obtained. It was found that the highest ranked factor is the initial tissue temperature followed by the thermal conductivity of the epidermal layer. The effect of blood perfusion rate is ranked much below the combinations of other factors. The results from the present numerical experiment agree well with the results obtained by Palla. Sensitivity analysis of the critical exposure levels was also carried out and results are discussed. In this study, the effects of the various parameters on injury threshold were investigated. Again, the results indicate that the four parameters: thermal conductivity of the epidermis and dermis, convective heat transfer coefficient and initial tissue temperature, have a pronounced influence on assessing the burn injury threshold. It was also found that fat thermal conductivity and blood perfusion rate have no obvious effect on injury threshold. A two-dimensional analysis was further conducted to determine the sensitivity of the predicted injury to the values of frequency factor, P, and apparent activation energy, Δ E, used in the models. Part 1 of this study details the development of the computer models based on the one- and two-dimensional bioheat equations.

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