Metallurgical Design and Performance of High-Frequency Electric Resistance Welded Linepipe With High-Quality Weld Seam Suitable for Extra-Low-Temperature Services

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Toyoda ◽  
Sota Goto ◽  
Takatoshi Okabe ◽  
Hideto Kimura ◽  
Satoshi Igi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Interface Debonding ◽  
Cleavage Crack ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Matrix

To clarify the effect of inclusions on the Charpy impact properties, the 2 mm V-notched Charpy properties of X60–X80-grades steel were numerically simulated using the finite element method code abaqus. The yield strength and the tensile strength of the steel were 562 MPa and 644 MPa, respectively. The striker's velocity and the temperature dependency of the stress–strain curve were taken into account. To estimate the effect of nonmetallic inclusions, a 200 μm long virtual inclusion with a 1 μm edge radius was situated at the maximum point of the stress triaxiality. Four types of microcrack initiation were determined: (a) ductile void generation in the matrix, (b) cleavage crack generation in the matrix, (c) void generation by inclusion fracture, and (d) void generation by matrix–inclusion interface debonding. Without inclusions, a ductile microvoid was generated when the striker stroke was 3.3 mm, independent of the temperature. With inclusions, an inclusion fracture occurred when the striker stroke was 0.6 mm at room temperature. The striker stroke decreased as the temperature decreased. Based on the above numerical estimation results, high-frequency electric resistance welded (HFW) linepipe with high-quality weld seam MightySeam® has been developed. Controlling the morphology and distribution of oxides generated during the welding process by means of temperature and deformation distribution control is the key factor for improving the low-temperature toughness. The Charpy transition temperature of the developed HFW pipe was much lower than −45 °C. Based on the low-temperature hydrostatic burst test with a notched weld seam at −20 °C, the MightySeam® weld provides a fracture performance that is the same as UOE double submerged arc welded pipe. The pipe has been used in actual, highly demanding, and severe environments.

Metallugical Design and Performance of ERW Linepipe With High-Quality Weld Seam Suitable for Extra-Low-Temperature Services

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Toyoda ◽  
Sota Goto ◽  
Takatoshi Okabe ◽  
Hideto Kimura ◽  
Satoshi Igi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Interface Debonding ◽  
Cleavage Crack ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Matrix

To clarify the effect of inclusions on the Charpy impact properties, the 2 mm V-notched Charpy properties of X60 – X80-grades steel were numerically simulated using the finite element method code ABAQUS. The yield strength and the tensile strength of the steel were 562 MPa and 644 MPa, respectively. The striker’s velocity and the temperature dependency of the stress-strain curve were taken into account. To estimate the effect of nonmetallic inclusions, a 200 μm long virtual inclusion with a 1 μm edge radius was situated at the maximum point of the stress triaxiality. Four types of micro crack initiation were determined: (a) ductile void generation in the matrix, (b) cleavage crack generation in the matrix, (c) void generation by inclusion fracture and (d) void generation by matrix-inclusion interface debonding. Without inclusions, a ductile micro void was generated when the striker stroke was 3.3 mm, independent of the temperature. With inclusions, an inclusion fracture occurred when the striker stroke was 0.6 mm at room temperature. The striker stroke decreased as the temperature decreased. Based on the above numerical estimation results, electric resistance welded (ERW) Linepipe with high-quality weld seam MightySeam® has been developed. Controlling the morphology and distribution of oxides generated during the welding process by means of temperature and deformation distribution control is the key factor for improving the low-temperature toughness. The Charpy transition temperature of the developed ERW pipe was much lower than −45°C. Based on the low-temperature hydrostatic burst test with a notched weld seam at −20 °C, the MightySeam® weld provides a fracture performance that is the same as UOE Double Submerged Arc Welded pipe. The pipe has been used in actual, highly demanding, severe environments.

scholarly journals Development of Advanced High Frequency Electric Resistance Welded (HFW) Linepipe MightySeam^|^reg; with a High Quality Weld Seam Suitable for Extra-low-temperature Services

Materia Japan ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
Takatoshi Okabe ◽  
Shunsuke Toyoda ◽  
Yutaka Matsui ◽  
Satoshi Igi ◽  
Satoru Yabumoto
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
High Quality

Recent Development of HFW Linepipe With a High-Quality Weld Seam Suitable for Sour Service Environments

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Toyoda ◽  
Sota Goto ◽  
Yasushi Kato ◽  
Satoru Yabumoto ◽  
Akio Sato
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Crack Propagation Rate ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Diffusible Hydrogen ◽  
High Quality

Based on the appreciable progress being made in quality control and assurance technology for the electric resistance welding process, the number of applications for high-frequency electric resistance welded (HFW) linepipe in highly demanding, severe environments, such as offshore and sour environments, has gradually increased. Resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) is the most important property for a linepipe to possess for use in sour environments. However, resistance to HIC, especially along the longitudinal weld seam, has not yet been fully related to metallurgical factors. In this study, to clarify the effects of inclusions on the sour resistance properties of X60- to X70-grade steels, their resistances to HIC were numerically simulated. For the simulation, the steels were assumed to have a yield strength of 562 MPa and a tensile strength of 644 MPa. To estimate the effect of nonmetallic inclusions, a virtual inclusion was situated at the center of a 10-mm-thick HIC test specimen. Tests were performed using NACE test solution A. The crack propagation rate was calculated as a function of the content of diffusible hydrogen, the diameter of the inclusion, and the fracture toughness of the matrix after hydrogen absorption. In the propagation calculation, the resistance to chemical reactions at the interface of the inclusion matrix was also considered to be a delaying factor. By assuming a resistance to chemical reactions at the interface, the crack propagation rate could be fitted to the actual HIC propagation rate. Based on the numerical simulation results, HFW linepipe with a high-quality weld seam was developed. Controlling the morphologies and distributions of oxides generated during the welding process is the key factor for improving the resistance to HIC. Using a combination of optimized chemical composition, microstructure and oxide content, the weld seam of the developed X70-grade HFW steel pipe showed excellent resistance to HIC.

Metallurgical Design and Performance of HFW Linepipe With a High-Quality Weld Seam Suitable for Sour Services

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Toyoda ◽  
Sota Goto ◽  
Takatoshi Okabe ◽  
Hideto Kimura ◽  
Shuichi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weld Seam ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Diffusible Hydrogen ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gasification Reaction ◽  
Crack Initiation Criterion

To clarify the effects of inclusions on the sour resistance properties of X60- to X70-grade steel, their resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) was numerically simulated. The steel was assumed to have a yield strength of 562 MPa and a tensile strength of 644 MPa for the simulation. To estimate the effect of nonmetallic inclusions, a virtual inclusion was situated at the center of a 10-mm-thick HIC test specimen. Tests were performed using NACE test solution A. The crack initiation criterion was determined as a function of the diffusible hydrogen concentration, the diameter of the inclusion, the edge radius of the inclusion, and the fracture toughness of the matrix after hydrogen absorption. The crack propagation was calculated as a function of the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the steel matrix and the gasification reaction ratio of hydrogen at the interface of the steel matrix and the inclusion. Based on the results of the numerical estimation, high-frequency electric resistance welded (HFW) Linepipe with a high-quality weld seam was developed. Controlling the morphology and distribution of oxides generated during the welding process by means of temperature and deformation distribution control is the key factor for improving resistance to HIC.

Controlling and Monitoring of Welding Parameters for Micro-Alloyed Steel Pipes Produced by High Frequency Electric Welding

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru Simion ◽  
Vasile Dia ◽  
Bogdan Istrate ◽  
Corneliu Munteanu
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Electric Welding ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Electric Resistance Welding ◽  
Micro Alloyed Steel

Manufacture of steel pipes micro-alloyed with Ti, V, Nb by high frequency electric resistance welding (HF-ERW) is a modern and efficient method, but requires a good knowledge and adjustment of various parameters influencing the welding process. This study aims to determine the influence of the main process parameters (electrical and mechanical) and establish correlations between them, in order to optimize the welding process. This was possible only by controlling and monitoring the welding parameters used and conducting experiments and tests on welded pipes in different conditions.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Process- and System-Induced Activation of Material Reactions during Discontinuous High-Frequency Welding

2010 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 247-293
Author(s):  
Volker Wesling ◽  
Antonia Schram ◽  
Henning Wiche
Keyword(s):  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Thermal Influence

Besides weldable component geometries for the high-frequency welding process also possible process and system induced activated material reactions during discontinuous high-frequency welding are presented in this paper. Among others such material reactions can be a locally limited thermal influence on the base metal, defined plastic derformations during the upsetting process as well as grain refinement in the weld seam, comparable to thermomechanical treatment during rolling for increasing strength or ductility.

Full Gas Burst Test for HFW Linepipe at Low Temperature

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Igi ◽  
Satoru Yabumoto ◽  
Masaki Mitsuya ◽  
Yuya Sumikura ◽  
Mikihiro Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Burst Test ◽  
Drop Weight Tear Test ◽  
The Difference

A full gas burst test at low temperature below −40°C was performed using a high frequency welded (HFW) linepipe with high-quality weld seam, “MightySeam®,” [1–4] in order to verify the applicability of the Drop Weight Tear Test (DWTT). Residual stress exists in the pipe body of HFW linepipe because the manufacturing method includes a sizing process. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the difference between the arrestability in the DWTT without residual stress in the specimen and that in the full gas burst test with residual stress in the pipe body. The full gas burst test is performed using a test pipe specimen in which a notch is introduced into the base material by an explosive cutter. In addition, a test pipe specimen with a notch introduced into the weld seam was used in this study because the developed HFW linepipe, “MightySeam®,” has excellent low-temperature toughness as a result of control of the morphology and distribution of oxides generated in the welding process by temperature and deformation distribution control. The Charpy transition temperature of “Mighty Seam®” was much lower than −45 °C. Ductile cracks were initiated from the initial explosive notch, and these cracks were arrested after ductile crack propagation of about 1 m in base material on both sides. The fracture behavior was similar in appearance in the DWTT without residual stress and the full gas burst test with residual stress.

Deformation Capacity of Weld Seam of the High Quality HFW Linepipe

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Igi ◽  
Satoru Yabumoto ◽  
Teruki Sadasue ◽  
Hisakazu Tajika ◽  
Kenji Oi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Design Code ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Full Scale Tests

Newly-developed high quality high frequency electric resistance welded (HFW) linepipes have recently been used in pipelines in reel-lay applications and low temperature service environments because of their excellent low temperature weld toughness and cost effectiveness. In order to clarify the applicability of these HFW linepipes to the seismic environment, a series of full-scale tests such as bending test with internal pressure and uniaxial compression test were conducted according to the seismic design code in Japan gas association (JGA). Based on the above-mentioned full-scale tests, the safety performance of high quality HFW linepipe to apply to the seismic region is discussed in comparison with the mechanical properties in the small-scale tests such as the tensile and compression property of the base material and weld seam, especially focused on the strain capacity of HFW linepipe from the view points of full-scale performance and geometrical imperfection. Test results of the bending test with internal pressure and the uniaxial compression were complied with the JGA seismic design code for the permanent ground deformation induced by lateral spreading and surface faults.

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