An Experimental Study for Fatigue Performance of 7% Nickel Steels for Type B Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Woo Kim ◽  
Dong Jin Oh ◽  
Jae Myung Lee ◽  
Byeong Jae Noh ◽  
Hee Joon Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
High Price ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Type B ◽  
Butt Weld

Structural safety is one of the most important issues associated with liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage systems, such as LNG carriers, LNG Floating Production Storage Offloading (FPSO), and Floating Storage Regasification Unit (FSRU). One of the most common materials for the LNG storage systems has been 9% nickel steel over the last 50 years as it has excellent mechanical properties under cryogenic temperature. Recently, there have been efforts for lowering the nickel content due to the increased nickel price as well as the high price of nickel based welding consumables. In this respect, 7% nickel steels are recently developed for reducing the associated costs mainly for cryogenic applications. The newly developed 7% nickel steels are known to have improved toughness comparable to that of 9% nickel steels by thermomechanical control process (TMCP) and micro-alloying technology. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the fatigue performance of 7% nickel steels with a special attention to type B LNG carrier applications. Cyclic fatigue and fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests for 7% nickel steels were conducted at room and cryogenic temperatures. Fatigue tests were carried out with three different types of specimens such as base metal, butt weld, and fillet weld to characterize the fatigue properties at various locations. In addition, FCGR tests were carried out using compact tension (C(T)) specimens. The difference of FCGR characteristics among base, weld, and heat affected zone (HAZ) is investigated. The fatigue and FCGR test results of 7% nickel steels are evaluated and compared with reference data of 9% nickel steel. Based on this study, it is observed that the 7% nickel steel exhibits similar fatigue performance in comparison with that of 9% nickel steel.

An Experimental Study for Fatigue Performance of 7% Nickel Steels for Type B LNG Carriers

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Woo Kim ◽  
Jae Myung Lee ◽  
Myung Hyun Kim ◽  
Byeong Jae Noh ◽  
Hee Joon Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
High Price ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Type B ◽  
Butt Weld

The most important issue associated with liquefied natural gas storage systems, such as LNG carriers, LNG FPSO and FLNG, is the structural safety. One of the most common materials for the LNG storage systems has been 9% nickel steel over the last 50 years as it has excellent mechanical properties under cryogenic temperature. Recently, the consideration for lowering the nickel content becomes necessary due to the increase of the nickel price and the high price of nickel based welding consumables. In this respect, 7% nickel steels are developed for cryogenic applications. Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metals Corporation have developed 7% nickel steels with improved toughness comparable to that of 9% nickel steels by TMCP and micro-alloying technology. The major objective of this study is to evaluate the fatigue performance of 7% nickel steels with a special attention to Type B LNG carrier applications. Cyclic fatigue and fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests for 7% nickel steels were conducted at room and cryogenic temperature. Fatigue tests were carried out with three types of specimens such as base metal, butt weld and fillet weld to characterize the fatigue properties. Also FCGR tests were carried out using compact tension specimens. The difference of FCGR characteristics among base, weld and HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) are investigated for three types of specimens. The results of 7% nickel steels are evaluated and compared with those of 9% nickel steels.

Investigation of fatigue performance of low temperature alloys for liquefied natural gas storage tanks

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (7) ◽  
pp. 1300-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Jin Oh ◽  
Jae-Myung Lee ◽  
Byeong-Jae Noh ◽  
Wha-Soo Kim ◽  
Ryuichi-Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Operating Life

One of the most important issues associated with liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks, such as LNG carrier cargo tanks and land LNG tanks, is their structural integrity. In order to ensure the operating life and safety of LNG storage tanks used under operating conditions such as thermal and cyclic loadings, the securing of safety evaluations for fatigue performance is considered to be of particular importance. There have been various efforts to reduce the production costs of LNG storage tanks, such as the optimum selection of materials and the development of new low temperature materials. This, the motivation of this study is to evaluate new material candidates for LNG storage tanks. This study begins with a comprehensive review of the characteristics of low temperature alloys such as SUS 304L, Invar, A5083 and 9% Ni steel that are widely used for LNG storage tanks. Then, the fatigue characteristics of a newly developed low temperature material, 7% nickel steel are investigated. Finally, the fatigue performance of 7% nickel steel is compared with that of 9% nickel steel.

Carbon Nanoporous Adsorbents Prepared from Walnut Shell for Liquefied Natural Gas Vapor Recovery in Cryogenic Storage Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1133
Author(s):  
I. E. Men’shchikov ◽  
A. A. Fomkin ◽  
Yu. A. Romanov ◽  
M. R. Kiselev ◽  
A. L. Pulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Cryogenic Storage

Global FEM Strength and Fatigue Analysis of Large LNG Vessel

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wang ◽  
Yan Jin ◽  
Ren Yang ◽  
Jin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
High Price ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Load Conditions

Due to the dangers of liquefied natural gas and the high price of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessel, there are high reliability and safety requirements with the structure design of large LNG vessels. Taking a large LNG Vessel designed by Hudong-Zhonghua shipbuilding group as a research object, global finite element model (FEM) strength and fatigue analysis was carried out by DLA/SFA software. Five typical load conditions, including fully loaded, ballast, one tank empty, two adjacent tanks empty and three adjacent tanks empty conditions, were considered in the global strength analysis (Dynamic Loading Approach, simplified as DLA), following the Guide for Safehull-dynamic Loading Approach for Vessels (DLA Guide). For the fatigue analysis spectral-based fatigue analysis, simplified as SFA, two typical operational load conditions, including homogeneous load condition at summer draught departure and ballast load condition arrival, were considered to achieve at least 40 years fatigue life requirement with north Atlantic wave spectrum, following Guidance Notes on Spectral-based Fatigue Analysis for Vessels (SFA Guide). Some special design details were taken to solve the local stress concentration yielding and fatigue problems. Some analysis methods and design experiences are discussed and proposed. The analysis procedure and solutions of global FEM strength and fatigue analysis in this paper for a large LNG ship can be a reference to analysis for other large vessels.

Hydrogen production by steam reforming of liquefied natural gas (LNG) over mesoporous nickel–alumina xerogel catalysts: Effect of nickel content

2008 ◽  
Vol 141 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Gil Seo ◽  
Min Hye Youn ◽  
Ho-In Lee ◽  
Jae Jeong Kim ◽  
Eunsun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas

A Comparison of Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Crack Propagation Characteristics of High Manganese and Nickel Steels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Yeol Park ◽  
Myung-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
High Manganese Steel

Recently, demands for liquefied natural gas (LNG) are increased by developing countries such as China, India and Middle East area. In addition, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) reinforced regulations to avoid the serious environmental pollution. This trend has led to manufacturing and operating various LNG vessels such as liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC), floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) and very large gas carrier (VLGC). In the design of LNG vessels, the structural integrity of LNG storage tank is of significant importance to satisfy the service conditions. In order to secure structural integrity, LNG storage tank is fabricated with low temperature materials. In general, low temperature materials such as SUS304L, Invar alloy, Al 5083-O, nickel alloy steel and high manganese steel exhibit excellent fatigue and fracture performances at cryogenic temperature. In particular, high manganese steel has attracted interest because they are potentially less expensive than the competing other low temperature materials. This study compares the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth characteristics of high manganese steel with those of nickel steels. In addition, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rate tests for various nickel steels are conducted according to BS 7448 and ASTM E647, respectively. In order to obtain less conservative design values, the results of high manganese steel and various nickel steels were compared to those of BS7910. As a result, the CTOD value of high manganese steel is higher than that of 9% nickel steel at cryogenic temperature. In case of FCGR, the high manganese steel and 9% nickel steel are found to be similar to each other.

Studies on Nine Percent Nickel Steel for Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers

2009 ◽  
pp. 205-205-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sakai ◽  
H Takashima ◽  
K Tanaka ◽  
H Matsumae ◽  
H Yajima
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Percent Nickel
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