An Experimental Investigation of Flow Phenomena in a Multi-Stage Micro Tesla Valve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Raffel ◽  
Shadi Ansari ◽  
David S. Nobes
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Tesla Valve ◽  
Reynolds Number Flows ◽  
Unsteady Behavior

Abstract The Tesla-diode valve, with no moving parts, allows restricted flow in one direction. It has many potential applications in different industrial situations. Despite the application of the valve and the importance of the effect of flow phenomena on the Tesla valve's performance, very few studies have experimentally investigated the motion of flow within the Tesla valve. This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research on the performance of Tesla valves by demonstrating the flow phenomena and the flow conditions needed to be used in numerical studies. In this work, the effect of direction of the flow and Reynolds number on the flow phenomena generated in a Tesla-diode valve is studied. Particle shadowgraph velocimetry (PSV) is utilized to investigate and visualize the velocity field. The results of this study confirm some of the phenomena that has been observed using numerical simulations. It also highlights the flow phenomena leading to an increase in the diodicity by an increase in the number of Tesla loops in the valve. An important observation often ignored in numerical simulation is the presence of unsteady behavior and vortex shedding for higher Reynolds number flows.

Evolution of unstable system.

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2487-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Lebed
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Stokes Flow ◽  
Stable Solution ◽  
The State ◽  
Unstable System ◽  
Unstable Flow ◽  
Unstable Solutions ◽  
Vortex Shedding Modes ◽  
Hydrodynamics Equations

Scenario of appearance and development of instability in problem of a flow around a solid sphere at rest is discussed. The scenario was created by solutions to the multimoment hydrodynamics equations, which were applied to investigate the unstable phenomena. These solutions allow interpreting Stokes flow, periodic pulsations of the recirculating zone in the wake behind the sphere, the phenomenon of vortex shedding observed experimentally. In accordance with the scenario, system loses its stability when entropy outflow through surface confining the system cannot be compensated by entropy produced within the system. The system does not find a new stable position after losing its stability, that is, the system remains further unstable. As Reynolds number grows, one unstable flow regime is replaced by another. The replacement is governed tendency of the system to discover fastest path to depart from the state of statistical equilibrium. This striving, however, does not lead the system to disintegration. Periodically, reverse solutions to the multimoment hydrodynamics equations change the nature of evolution and guide the unstable system in a highly unlikely direction. In case of unstable system, unlikely path meets the direction of approaching the state of statistical equilibrium. Such behavior of the system contradicts the scenario created by solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations. Unstable solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations are not fairly prolonged along time to interpret experiment. Stable solutions satisfactorily reproduce all observed stable medium states. As Reynolds number grows one stable solution is replaced by another. They are, however, incapable of reproducing any of unstable regimes recorded experimentally. In particular, stable solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations cannot put anything in correspondence to any of observed vortex shedding modes. In accordance with our interpretation, the reason for this isthe classic hydrodynamics equations themselves.

Modeling and Simulation of High Reynolds' Number Flows During Reaction Injection Mold Filling

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahima K. Mohammed ◽  
Tim A. Osswald ◽  
Timothy J. Spiegelhoff ◽  
Esther M. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
High Reynolds Number ◽  
Mold Filling ◽  
Injection Mold ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Reynolds Number Flows

Numerical Studies on Trapped-Vortex Concepts for Stable Combustion

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Katta ◽  
W. M. Roquemore
Keyword(s):  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Dynamic Flows ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Trapped Vortex

Spatially locked vortices in the cavities of a combustor aid in stabilizing the flames. On the other hand, these stationary vortices also restrict the entrainment of the main air into the cavity. For obtaining good performance characteristics in a trapped-vortex combustor, a sufficient amount of fuel and air must be injected directly into the cavity. This paper describes a numerical investigation performed to understand better the entrainment and residence-time characteristics of cavity flows for different cavity and spindle sizes. A third-order-accurate time-dependent Computational Fluid Dynamics with Chemistry (CFDC) code was used for simulating the dynamic flows associated with forebody-spindle-disk geometry. It was found from the nonreacting flow simulations that the drag coefficient decreases with cavity length and that an optimum size exists for achieving a minimum value. These observations support the earlier experimental findings of Little and Whipkey (1979). At the optimum disk location, the vortices inside the cavity and behind the disk are spatially locked. It was also found that for cavity sizes slightly larger than the optimum, even though the vortices are spatially locked, the drag coefficient increases significantly. Entrainment of the main flow was observed to be greater into the smaller-than-optimum cavities. The reacting-flow calculations indicate that the dynamic vortices developed inside the cavity with the injection of fuel and air do not shed, even though the cavity size was determined based on cold-flow conditions.

scholarly journals Net-exergetic, hydraulic and thermal optimization of coaxial heat exchangers using fixed flow conditions instead of fixed flow rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Blanke ◽  
Markus Hagenkamp ◽  
Bernd Döring ◽  
Joachim Göttsche ◽  
Vitali Reger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Circular Ring ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Pipe Radius

AbstractPrevious studies optimized the dimensions of coaxial heat exchangers using constant mass flow rates as a boundary condition. They show a thermal optimal circular ring width of nearly zero. Hydraulically optimal is an inner to outer pipe radius ratio of 0.65 for turbulent and 0.68 for laminar flow types. In contrast, in this study, flow conditions in the circular ring are kept constant (a set of fixed Reynolds numbers) during optimization. This approach ensures fixed flow conditions and prevents inappropriately high or low mass flow rates. The optimization is carried out for three objectives: Maximum energy gain, minimum hydraulic effort and eventually optimum net-exergy balance. The optimization changes the inner pipe radius and mass flow rate but not the Reynolds number of the circular ring. The thermal calculations base on Hellström’s borehole resistance and the hydraulic optimization on individually calculated linear loss of head coefficients. Increasing the inner pipe radius results in decreased hydraulic losses in the inner pipe but increased losses in the circular ring. The net-exergy difference is a key performance indicator and combines thermal and hydraulic calculations. It is the difference between thermal exergy flux and hydraulic effort. The Reynolds number in the circular ring is instead of the mass flow rate constant during all optimizations. The result from a thermal perspective is an optimal width of the circular ring of nearly zero. The hydraulically optimal inner pipe radius is 54% of the outer pipe radius for laminar flow and 60% for turbulent flow scenarios. Net-exergetic optimization shows a predominant influence of hydraulic losses, especially for small temperature gains. The exact result depends on the earth’s thermal properties and the flow type. Conclusively, coaxial geothermal probes’ design should focus on the hydraulic optimum and take the thermal optimum as a secondary criterion due to the dominating hydraulics.

Immersed Methods for High Reynolds Number Fluid-Structure Interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy T. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
High Reynolds Number ◽  
Fluid Structure Interactions ◽  
Immersed Finite Element Method ◽  
Immersed Finite Element ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Immersed Methods ◽  
Reynolds Number Flows

Immersed methods are considered as a class of nonboundary-fitted meshing technique for simulating fluid–structure interactions. However, the conventional approach of coupling the fluid and solid domains, as in the immersed boundary method and the immersed finite element method, often cannot handle high Reynolds number flows interacting with moving and deformable solids. As the solid dynamics is imposed by the fluid dynamics, it often leads to unrealistically large deformation of the solid in cases of high Reynolds number flows. The first attempt in resolving this issue was proposed in the modified immersed finite element method (mIFEM), however, some terms were determined heuristically. In this paper, we provide a full and rigorous derivation for the mIFEM with corrections to the previously proposed terms, which further extends the accuracy of the algorithm. In the “swapped” coupling logic, we solve for the dynamics of the solid, and then numerically impose it to the background fluid, which allows the solid to control its own dynamics and governing laws instead of following that of the fluid. A few examples including a biomedical engineering application are shown to demonstrate the capability in handling large Reynolds number flows using the derived mIFEM.

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