Electricity From Coal: The British Gas/Lurgi Gasification for Combined Cycle Power Generation

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut E. Vierrath ◽  
Peter K. Herbert ◽  
Claus F. Greil ◽  
Brian H. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Heat System ◽  
Coal Power Plants

It is widely accepted that coal gasification combined-cycle plants represent an environmentally superior alternative to conventional coal fired power plants with flue gas desulfurization. Purpose of this paper is to show that technology is available for all steps required to convert coal to electricity, including treatment of waste streams. Based on examples for power plants in the 200–800 MW range using current and as well as advanced gas turbines, it is shown that under both European and US-conditions cost of electricity from this (new) route of coal based power generation is certainly no higher — and probably even lower — than from conventional PC (pulverized coal) power plants equipped with equivalent environmental control technology. Thus, this technology is likely to be a prime contributor when it comes to enhance environmental acceptability of power plants in general, and to help solve the acid rain problem in particular. In addition the versatility of the proposed technology for repowering, decentralized application and district heat system is explained.

300 MW Combined-Cycle Plant With Integrated Coal Gasification

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf H. Kehlhofer
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
The Individual

In the past 15 years the combined-cycle (gas/steam turbine) power plant has come into its own in the power generation market. Today, approximately 30 000 MW of power are already installed or being built as combined-cycle units. Combined-cycle plants are therefore a proven technology, showing not only impressive thermal efficiency ratings of up to 50 percent in theory, but also proving them in practice and everyday operation (1) (2). Combined-cycle installations can be used for many purposes. They range from power plants for power generation only, to cogeneration plants for district heating or combined cycles with maximum additional firing (3). The main obstacle to further expansion of the combined cycle principle is its lack of fuel flexibility. To this day, gas turbines are still limited to gaseous or liquid fuels. This paper shows a viable way to add a cheap solid fuel, coal, to the list. The plant system in question is a 2 × 150 MW combined-cycle plant of BBC Brown Boveri with integrated coal gasification plant of British Gas/Lurgi. The main point of interest is that all the individual components of the power plant described in this paper have proven their worth commercially. It is therefore not a pilot plant but a viable commercial proposition.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-NOx LBG Combustor for Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Nakata ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Power Generation Systems

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low-BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program of the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, 1300°C class gas turbines will be developed. If the fuel gas cleaning system is a hot type, the coal gaseous fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel-NOx combustion technology will be one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel-NOx combustion technology for 1300°C class gas turbine combustors using coal gaseous low-BTU fuel as well as combustion characteristics and carbon monoxide emission characteristics. Combustion tests were conducted using a full-scale combustor used for the 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, high pressure combustion tests were conducted using a half-scale combustor used for the 1 50 MW gas turbine.

Sequential Combustion in Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbines: The Technology Enabler for CO2-Free, Highly Efficient Power Production Based on Hydrogen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ciani ◽  
John P. Wood ◽  
Anders Wickström ◽  
Geir J. Rørtveit ◽  
Rosetta Steeneveldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Today gas turbines and combined cycle power plants play an important role in power generation and in the light of increasing energy demand, their role is expected to grow alongside renewables. In addition, the volatility of renewables in generating and dispatching power entails a new focus on electricity security. This reinforces the importance of gas turbines in guaranteeing grid reliability by compensating for the intermittency of renewables. In order to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goals, power generation must be decarbonized. This is where hydrogen produced from renewables or with CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) comes into play, allowing totally CO2-free combustion. Hydrogen features the unique capability to store energy for medium to long storage cycles and hence could be used to alleviate seasonal variations of renewable power generation. The importance of hydrogen for future power generation is expected to increase due to several factors: the push for CO2-free energy production is calling for various options, all resulting in the necessity of a broader fuel flexibility, in particular accommodating hydrogen as a future fuel feeding gas turbines and combined cycle power plants. Hydrogen from methane reforming is pursued, with particular interest within energy scenarios linked with carbon capture and storage, while the increased share of renewables requires the storage of energy for which hydrogen is the best candidate. Compared to natural gas the main challenge of hydrogen combustion is its increased reactivity resulting in a decrease of engine performance for conventional premix combustion systems. The sequential combustion technology used within Ansaldo Energia’s GT36 and GT26 gas turbines provides for extra freedom in optimizing the operation concept. This sequential combustion technology enables low emission combustion at high temperatures with particularly high fuel flexibility thanks to the complementarity between its first stage, stabilized by flame propagation and its second (sequential) stage, stabilized by auto-ignition. With this concept, gas turbines are envisaged to be able to provide reliable, dispatchable, CO2-free electric power. In this paper, an overview of hydrogen production (grey, blue, and green hydrogen), transport and storage are presented targeting a CO2-free energy system based on gas turbines. A detailed description of the test infrastructure, handling of highly reactive fuels is given with specific aspects of the large amounts of hydrogen used for the full engine pressure tests. Based on the results discussed at last year’s Turbo Expo (Bothien et al. GT2019-90798), further high pressure test results are reported, demonstrating how sequential combustion with novel operational concepts is able to achieve the lowest emissions, highest fuel and operational flexibility, for very high combustor exit temperatures (H-class) with unprecedented hydrogen contents.

The Gas Turbine Family GT13E and GT13E2 Provides Reliable Power for Asia

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Gnädig
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Prime Movers

Many Asian countries are experiencing economic growth which averages 5–10% per year. This environment has led to a privatization process in the power generation industry from typically state-run utilities to a system in which a federal agency oversees a market divided by private utilities and independent power producers (IPP) with the need for high efficiency, reliable power generation running on natural gas and diesel oil. In the 50 Hz market, modem, high efficient gas turbines of the type GT13E and GT13E2 have been chosen as prime movers in many combined cycle power plants in Asian countries. This paper includes a product description, and a general overview of GT13E and GT13E2 operating experience, well as an economic evaluation of a typical 500 MW combined cycle power plant.

OH* Chemiluminescence Imaging of the Combustion Products From a Methane-Fueled Rotating Detonation Engine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tobias ◽  
D. Depperschmidt ◽  
C. Welch ◽  
R. Miller ◽  
M. Uddi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Oblique Shock Wave ◽  
Continuous Detonation ◽  
Rotating Detonation ◽  
Probe Measurements

Pressure gain combustion (PGC) has been conceived to convert fuel’s chemical energy into thermal energy and mechanical energy, thereby reducing the entropy production in the process. Recent research has shown that the rotating detonation combustion or combustor (RDC) can provide excellent specific thrust, specific impulse, and pressure gain within a small volume through rapid energy release by continuous detonation in the circumferential direction. The RDC as a PGC system for power generating gas turbines in combined cycle power plants could provide significant efficiency gains. However, few past studies have employed fuels that are relevant to power generation turbines, since RDC research has focused mainly on propulsion applications. In this study, we present experimental results from RDC operated on methane and oxygen-enriched air to represent reactants used in land-based power generation. The RDC is operated at a high pressure by placing a back-pressure plate downstream of the annular combustor. Past studies have focused mainly on probe measurements inside the combustor, and thus, little information is known about the nature of the products exiting the RDC. In particular, it is unknown if chemical reactions persist outside the RDC annulus, especially if methane is used as the fuel. In this study, we apply two time-resolved optical techniques to simultaneously image the RDC products at framing rate of 30 kHz: (1) direct visual imaging to identify the overall size and extent of the plume, and (2) OH* chemiluminescence imaging to detect the reaction zones if any. Results show dynamic features of the combustion products that are consistent with the probe measurements inside the RDE. Moreover, presence of OH* in the products suggests that the oblique shock wave and reactions persist downstream of the detonation zone in the RDC.

Parametric Analysis of Combined Cycles Equipped With Inlet Fogging

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bhargava ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Power Enhancement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combined Cycles

In recent years, deregulation in the power generation market worldwide combined with significant variation in fuel prices and a need for flexibility in terms of power augmentation specially during periods of high electricity demand (summer months or noon to 6:00 p.m.) has forced electric utilities, cogenerators and independent power producers to explore new power generation enhancement technologies. In the last five to ten years, inlet fogging approach has shown more promising results to recover lost power output due to increased ambient temperature compared to the other available power enhancement techniques. This paper presents the first systematic study on the effects of both inlet evaporative and overspray fogging on a wide range of combined cycle power plants utilizing gas turbines available from the major gas turbine manufacturers worldwide. A brief discussion on the thermodynamic considerations of inlet and overspray fogging including the effect of droplet dimension is also presented. Based on the analyzed systems, the results show that high pressure inlet fogging influences performance of a combined cycle power plant using an aero-derivative gas turbine differently than with an advanced technology or a traditional gas turbine. Possible reasons for the observed differences are discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of the behaviour of biofuel-fired gas turbine power plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Escudero ◽  
Ángel Jiménez ◽  
Celina González ◽  
Rafael Nieto ◽  
Ignacio López
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

The utilisation of biofuels in gas turbines is a promising alternative to fossil fuels for power generation. It would lead to a significant reduction of CO2 emissions using an existing combustion technology, although considerable changes appear to be required and further technological development is necessary. The goal of this work is to conduct energy and exergy analyses of the behaviour of gas turbines fired with biogas, ethanol and synthesis gas (bio-syngas), compared with natural gas. The global energy transformation process (i.e., from biomass to electricity) also has been studied. Furthermore, the potential reduction of CO2 emissions attained by the use of biofuels has been determined, after considering the restrictions regarding biomass availability. Two different simulation tools have been used to accomplish this work. The results suggest a high interest in, and the technical viability of, the use of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BioIGCC) systems for large scale power generation.

Past, Present and Future of Combined Cycle Power Plants: From an A/E’s Perspective

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Singh
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
The U.S

In the 1970s, power generation from gas turbines was minimal. Gas turbines in those days were run on fuel oil, since there was a so-called “natural gas shortage”. The U.S. Fuel Use Act of 1978 essentially disallowed the use of natural gas for power generation. Hence there was no incentive on the part of gas turbine manufacturers to invest in the development of gas turbine technology. There were many regulatory developments in the 1980s and 1990s, which led to the rapid growth in power generation from gas turbines. These developments included Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act of 1978 (encouraging cogeneration), FERC Order 636 (deregulating natural gas industry), Energy Policy Act of 1992 (creating EWGs and IPPs) and FERC Order 888 (open access to electrical transmission system). There was also a backlash from excessive electric rates due to high capital recovery of nuclear and coal-fired plant costs caused by tremendous cost increase resulting from tightening NRC requirements for nuclear plants and significant SO2/NOx/other emissions controls required for coal-fired plants. During this period, rapid technology developments took place in the metallurgy, design, efficiency, and reliability of gas turbines. In addition, U.S. DOE contributed to these developments by encouraging research and development efforts in high temperature and high efficiency gas turbines. Today we are seeing a tremendous explosion of power generating facilities by electric utilities and Independent Power Producers (IPPs). A few years ago, Merchant Power (generation without power purchase agreements) was unheard of. Today it is growing at a very fast pace. Can this rapid growth be sustained? The paper will explore the factors that will play a significant role in the future growth of gas turbine-based power generation in the U.S. The paper will also discuss the methods and developments that could decrease the capital costs of gas turbine power plants resulting in the lowest cost generation compared to other power generation technologies.

How Combined Cycle Configuration is Impacted by Current Power Market Requirements

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Equipment Selection ◽  
Plant Configuration

In the past 20 years, the equipment manufacturers have made significant strives to develop better and more cost effective products: gas turbines, steam turbines, Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG), water treatment, fuel treatment equipment etc. Consequently, the Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) have become, due to many technological breakthroughs, the most efficient form of electrical power generation from fossil fuel, reaching or exceeding net efficiencies of 60%. We are also witnessing a substantial penetration of Renewable in the power generation mix. The Renewable intermittent nature of generation associated with new grid requirements for spinning reserves and/or frequency control must be considered when new CCPP are conceptually designed. The paper will examine several CCPP configurations, involving one, two, and three gas turbines. Substantial improvements in the efficiency are usually associated with an increased gas turbines electrical output. Various scenarios of plant configurations with targeted, sensible level of integration will be examined. The challenges of major equipment selection (gas turbines, heat recovery steam generator steam turbines, heat sink) for each of the configurations will be examined from an EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) Contractor perspective, based on the lessons learned from the development and execution of more than 30 advanced CCPPs. A special emphasis will be given to the strategy of providing the CCPP with fast start-up, capability, rapid load changes, without negatively impacting part-load efficiencies and emissions. The effect of plant configuration on plant reliability, maintenance requirements and recommended spare parts will also be discussed. Finally the paper describes the lessons learned, in plant configuration selection that can be successfully employed on future projects through judicious equipment selection at the development phase, design optimization and proper project management at the execution phase.

Water-Free Combined Cycle Power Plants for Distributed Power Generation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Welch
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Distributed Power ◽  
Full Load

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plant offer operators both environmental and economic benefits. The high efficiency achievable across a wide load range reduces both fuel costs and CO2 emissions to atmosphere. However, the scale of the power generation plays a major role in determining both cost and efficiency: a modern large centralized CCGT of 600MW output or more will have a full load efficiency in excess of 60% and a very competitive installed cost on a US$/kW basis. The smaller gas turbines required for distributed power applications are not optimized for combined cycle operation, with potential full load efficiencies of a combined cycle scheme ranging from a little over 40% to the high 50s depending on the power output of the gas turbine, the exhaust gas conditions and the plant configuration, while the installed cost is around twice that of a large centralized CCGT on a US$/kW basis. The drawback of a conventional combined cycle plant design is the need for water, which is a scarce commodity in some regions. Air cooling of the CCGT plant can be used to reduce water consumption, but make-up water will still be required for the steam system to compensate for steam losses, blowdown etc. While the lower exhaust gas temperatures of the smaller gas turbines impact the combined cycle efficiencies achievable, they do allow Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology to be considered for an alternative combined cycle configuration. This paper compares both the capital and operating costs and performance of combined cycle power plants for distributed power applications in the 30MW to 250MW power range based on conventional steam and various different ORC configurations.

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