scholarly journals Coal-Fired Gas Turbine for Locomotive Propulsion

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Green
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Bulk Solid ◽  
Solid Coal ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Pressurized Combustion ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

Substitution of a deeply-cleaned coal-water slurry fuel for bulk solid coal in an atmospheric fluidized-bed combustor permits a sequence of evolutionary steps which can convert the conventional AFBC into a pressurized, combustion-stirred, fluidized-bed heat exchanger compact enough to propel a standard locomotive by use of a closed Brayton power cycle.

scholarly journals The Gas Turbine Heat Exchanger in the Fluidized Bed Combustor

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Holt ◽  
A. A. Boiarski ◽  
H. E. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Technical Effort ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

In a current research and development program a coal fired atmospheric fluidized bed combustor is being designed to supply the heat to a closed cycle gas turbine cogeneration system. The major technical effort is directed towards the design of the in-bed heat exchanger, which is required to operate near bed temperature. This high temperature (850 C) exposes the heat exchanger tubes to potentially severe sulfidation. The corrosion behavior depends upon the intimate details of the bed environment and may be related to the occurrence of localized areas of low oxygen partial pressure and high sulfur partial pressure. This paper describes a series of measurements of oxygen partial pressure at various locations within a fluidized bed. The bed, containing densely packed heat exchanger tubes, was operated under various conditions to observe the effect of coal mixing and devolatilization on local oxygen activity. Substantial variations of oxygen partial pressure (below 10−14 atmospheres) were observed. It was noted that these locally severe variations could be substantially modified by changes in coal mixing (as through coal port design). The experiments with varying coal size suggest that rapid devolatilization is desirable and would reduce the extent of locally corrosive environments.

The Gas Turbine Heat Exchanger in the Fluidized Bed Combustor

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Holt ◽  
A. A. Boiarski ◽  
H. E. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Technical Effort ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

In a current research and development program a coal-fired atmospheric fluidized bed combustor is being designed to supply the heat to a closed cycle gas turbine cogeneration system. The major technical effort is directed towards the design of the in-bed heat exchanger, which is required to operate near bed temperature. This high temperature (850° C) exposes the heat exchanger tubes to potentially severe sulfidation. The corrosion behavior depends upon the intimate details of the bed environment and may be related to the occurrence of localized areas of low oxygen partial pressure and high sulfur partial pressure. This paper describes a series of measurements of oxygen partial pressure at various locations within a fluidized bed. The bed, containing densely packed heat exchanger tubes, was operated under various conditions to observe the effect of coal mixing and devolatilization on local oxygen activity. Substantial variations of oxygen partial pressure (below 10−14 atmospheres) were observed. It was noted that these locally severe variations could be substantially modified by changes in coal mixing (as through coal port design). The experiments with varying coal size suggest that rapid devolatilization is desirable and would reduce the extent of locally corrosive environments.

Experimental Study on Compact External Heat Exchanger for a 4 MWth Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 3259-3269
Author(s):  
Zhi Wei Li ◽  
Hong Zhou He ◽  
Huang Huang Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Heat Transfer Rate ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Circulating Ash ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor ◽  
External Heat Exchanger

The characteristics of the external heat exchanger (EHE) for a 4 MWth circulation fluidized bed combustor were studied in the present paper. The length, width and height of EHE were 1.5 m, 0.8 m and 9 m, respectively. The circulating ash flow passing the heating surface bed could be controlled by adjusting the fluidizing air flow and the heating transferred from the circulating ash to the cooling water. The ash flow rate passing through the heat transfer bed was from 0.4 to 2.2 kg/s. The ash average temperature was from 500 to 750 °C. And the heat transfer rate between the ash and the cooling water was between 150 and 300 W/(m2·°C). The relationships among the circulating ash temperature, the heat transfer, heat transfer rate, the heat transfer coefficient and the circulating ash flow passing through the heating exchange cell were also presented and could be used for further commercial EHE design.

scholarly journals Comparison of Various Fluidized Bed Combustor-Gas Turbine Systems

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur P. Fraas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Helium Gas ◽  
Steam Plant ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

Pressurizing a fluidized bed combustor with a gas turbine greatly improves both sulfur retention and combustion efficiency. Operating the gas turbine with a high inlet temperature (e.g. 900°C) would yield a thermal efficiency about four points higher than for an atmospheric furnace, but 40 y of experience have failed to solve problems with flyash erosion and deposits. Extensive experience such as that with fluidized bed catalytic cracking units indicates that the gas turbine blade erosion and deposit problems can be handled by dropping the turbine inlet temperature below 400°C where the turbine delivers just enough power to drive the compressor. The resulting thermal efficiency is about half a point higher than for an atmospheric bed, and the capital cost of the FBC-related components is about 40% lower. While a closed-cycle helium gas turbine might be used rather than a steam cycle, the thermal efficiency would be about four points lower and the capital cost of the FBC-related components would be roughly twice that for the corresponding steam plant.

Fluidized-Bed Heat Transfer Modeling for the Development of Particle/Supercritical-CO2 Heat Exchanger

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Ma ◽  
Janna Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Heat Transfer Modeling ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
The Cost

Concentrating solar power (CSP) technology is moving toward high-temperature and high-performance design. One technology approach is to explore high-temperature heat-transfer fluids and storage, integrated with a high-efficiency power cycle such as the supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) Brayton power cycle. The s-CO2 Brayton power system has great potential to enable the future CSP system to achieve high solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency and to reduce the cost of power generation. Solid particles have been proposed as a possible high-temperature heat-transfer medium that is inexpensive and stable at high temperatures above 1,000°C. The particle/heat exchanger provides a connection between the particles and s-CO2 fluid in the emerging s-CO2 power cycles in order to meet CSP power-cycle performance targets of 50% thermal-to-electric efficiency, and dry cooling at an ambient temperature of 40°C. The development goals for a particle/s-CO2 heat exchanger are to heat s-CO2 to ≥720°C and to use direct thermal storage with low-cost, stable solid particles. This paper presents heat-transfer modeling to inform the particle/s-CO2 heat-exchanger design and assess design tradeoffs. The heat-transfer process was modeled based on a particle/s-CO2 counterflow configuration. Empirical heat-transfer correlations for the fluidized bed and s-CO2 were used in calculating the heat-transfer area and optimizing the tube layout. A 2-D computational fluid-dynamics simulation was applied for particle distribution and fluidization characterization. The operating conditions were studied from the heat-transfer analysis, and cost was estimated from the sizing of the heat exchanger. The paper shows the path in achieving the cost and performance objectives for a heat-exchanger design.

Coal-Water Slurry Testing of an Industrial Gas Turbine

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Wenglarz ◽  
C. Wilkes ◽  
R. C. Bourke ◽  
H. C. Mongia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper describes the first test of an industrial gas turbine and low emissions combustion system on coal-water-slurry fuel. The engine and combustion system have been developed over the past five years as part of the Heat Engines program sponsored by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The engine is a modified Allison 501-K industrial gas turbine designed to produce 3.5 MW of electrical power when burning natural gas or distillate fuel. Full load power output increases to approximately 4.9 MW when burning coal-water slurry as a result of additional turbine mass flow rate. The engine has been modified to accept an external staged combustion system developed specifically for burning coal and low quality ash-bearing fuels. Combustion staging permits the control of NOx from fuel-bound nitrogen while simultaneously controlling CO emissions. Water injection freezes molten ash in the quench zone located between the rich and lean zones. The dry ash is removed from the hot gas stream by two parallel cyclone separators. This paper describes the engine and combustor system modifications required for running on coal and presents the emissions and turbine performance data from the coal-water slurry testing. Included is a discussion of hot gas path ash deposition and planned future work that will support the commercialization of coal-fired gas turbines.

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