scholarly journals An Integrated Gas Turbine-Kalina Cycle for Cogeneration

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Olsson ◽  
U. Desideri ◽  
S. S. Stecco ◽  
G. Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Kalina Cycle ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Topping Cycle

A number of studies have shown that the Kalina cycle, using an ammonia-water mixture, can reach higher efficiencies than the normal steam Rankine cycle. In this paper, the Kalina cycle, with a gas turbine topping cycle is applied to cogeneration for district heating. Since the district heating temperatures vary with the heat demand over the year, this application may prove to be especially suitable for the Kalina cycle with its many degrees of freedom in the condensation system. A theoretical comparison between different bottoming cycles producing heat for a typical Scandinavian district heating network has been carried out. The Kalina cycle, the Rankine cycle with a mixture of ammonia and water as the working fluid and the normal single pressure steam Rankine cycle are compared. It is shown that a simple Rankine cycle with an ammonia-water mixture as the working fluid produces more heat and power than the steam Rankine cycle. The best results, however, are obtained for the Kalina cycle, which generates considerably higher heat and power output than the steam Rankine cycle.

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Novel Ammonia-Water Rankine Cycle

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calin Zamfirescu ◽  
Ibrahim Dincer
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Pinch Point ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

In this paper we thermodynamically assess the performance of an ammonia-water Rankine cycle that uses no boiler, but rather the saturated liquid is flashed by a volumetric expander (e.g., reciprocating, centrifugal, screw or scroll type expander) for power generation. This cycle has no pinch point and thus the exergy of the heat source can be better used by matching the temperature profiles of the hot and the working fluids in the benefit of performance improvement. The second feature comes from the use of the ammonia-water mixture that offers further opportunity to better match the temperature profiles at the source and sink level. This fact brings ∼10% improvement of exergy efficiency with respect to the case when a single substance (e.g., steam) is used as working fluid. The influence of the expander efficiency, ammonia concentration and the coolant flow rate is investigated and reported for a case study. The applications of this cycle can be found in low power/low temperature heat recovery from geothermal sources, ocean thermal energy conversion, solar energy or process waste heat etc where the cycle competes with Kalina, supercritical or multi-pressure steam implementations of the Rankine cycle.

Experimental Investigations of Oscillatory Fluctuation in an Ammonia-Water Mixture Turbine System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Amano ◽  
Keisuke Kawanishi ◽  
Takumi Hashizume
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Kalina Cycle ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Temperature Heat

This paper reports results from experimental investigations of the dynamics of an ammonia-water mixture turbine system. The mixture turbine system features Kalina Cycle technology [1]. The working fluid is an ammonia-water mixture (AWM), which enhances the power production recovered from the low-temperature heat source [2], [3]. The Kalina Cycle is superior to the Rankine Cycle for a low temperature heat source [4], [5]. The ammonia-water mixture turbine system has distillation-condensation processes. The subsystem produces ammonia-rich vapor and a lean solution at the separator, and the vapor and the solution converge at the condenser. The mass balance of ammonia and water is maintained by a level control at the separator and reservoirs at the condensers. Since the ammonia mass fraction in the cycle has a high sensitivity to the evaporation/condensation pressure and vapor flow rate in the cycle, the pressure change gives rise to a flow rate change and then level changes in the separators and reservoirs and vice versa. From the experimental investigation of the ammonia-water mixture turbine system, it was observed that the sensitivity of the evaporating flow rate and solution liquid density in the cycle is very high, and those sensitivity factors are affected by the ammonia-mass fraction. This paper presents the experimental results of a study on the dynamics of the distillation process of the ammonia-water mixture turbine system and uses the results of investigation to explain the mechanism of the unstable fluctuation in the system.

scholarly journals Analysis of Kalina Cycle Designs With Modifications Including a Distillation Column

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin B. Glasare ◽  
Eva K. Olsson ◽  
Michael R. von Spakovsky ◽  
Gunnar Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Exergy Loss ◽  
Exergetic Efficiency ◽  
Kalina Cycle ◽  
Topping Cycle

It has been shown in a number of studies that the Kalina cycle can have considerably higher efficiencies than the Rankine cycle. An especially advantageous application is as a bottoming cycle to a gas turbine. In this paper a gas turbine topping cycle has been assumed. Three different configurations of the Kalina bottoming cycle have been examined and compared. One is an original cycle (El-Sayed and Tribus, 1985) with a flash separator. In another configuration, a second feedwater heater is added and in a third a distillation column instead of a flash separator is used. The stages of the column are heated by exchanging heat with two different streams in the Kalina distillation condensation subsystem. For each configuration, the different compositions in the cycle have been varied. The First Law efficiency and the exergetic efficiency have been calculated as well as the rate of exergy loss in each unit. The results show that the cases with the best performance of each of the three configurations differ very little in efficiency. The original cycle has the highest efficiency for the conditions studied.

Experimental Study on Rankine Cycle Using Ammonia-Water Mixture as a Working Fluid

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Taki ◽  
Tsunehiko Sugiura ◽  
Tadashi Tanaka ◽  
Isamu Osada ◽  
Tokuji Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Ammonia Water

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Novel Ammonia-Water Cogeneration System for Maritime Diesel Engines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyang Cheng ◽  
Yaxiong Wang ◽  
Qingxuan Sun ◽  
Jiangfeng Wang ◽  
Pan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Kalina Cycle ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Cogeneration System

Abstract This paper proposes a novel cogeneration system based on Kalina cycle and absorption refrigeration system to meet the design requirements of China State Shipbuilding Corporation, which is efficiently satisfy the power and cooling demands of a maritime ship at the same time. Unlike most of the combined systems, this cogeneration system is highly coupled and realizes cogeneration without increasing the system complexity too much. The basic ammonia mass fraction of this novel system is increased, so that the ammonia concentration of ammonia-water steam from the separator can be higher, which contributes to lower refrigerating temperature and thus less heat loss in the distillation process. In addition, higher ammonia concentration solution makes overheating easier, which improves the thermal efficiency. Moreover, the system has two recuperators to make further improvement of the thermal efficiency. Thermodynamic models are developed to investigate the system performance and parametric analysis is conducted to figure out the effects of including working fluid temperature at the outlet of the evaporator, working fluid temperature at superheater outlet, mass fraction of ammonia in basic solution, turbine inlet pressure, temperature of cooling water at the inlet of condensers and the refrigeration evaporation temperature on the system performance. Furthermore, the cogeneration system is optimized with genetic algorithm to obtain the best performance, which achieves 333.00kW of net power output, 28.83 kW of cooling capacity and 21.81% of thermal efficiency. Finally, the performance of the proposed system is compared with an optimized recuperative organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system and an optimized Kalina cycle system 34 (KCS34) using the same heat source. The results show that the thermal efficiency and power output of the novel cogeneration system is 3.89% and 1.05% higher than that of the recuperative ORC system and KCS34 system respectively.

A Totally Heat-Driven Refrigeration System Using Low-Temperature Heat Sources for Low-Temperature Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynab Seyfouri ◽  
Mehran Ameri ◽  
Mozaffar Ali Mehrabian
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Temperature Heat

In the present study, a totally heat-driven refrigeration system is proposed and thermodynamically analyzed. This system uses a low-temperature heat source such as geothermal energy or solar energy to produce cooling at freezing temperatures. The proposed system comprises a Rankine cycle (RC) and a hybrid GAX (HGAX) refrigeration cycle, in which the RC provides the power requirement of the HGAX cycle. An ammonia–water mixture is used in both RC and HGAX cycles as the working fluid. A comparative study is conducted in which the proposed system is compared with two other systems using GAX cycle and/or a single stage cycle, as the refrigeration cycle. The study shows that the proposed system is preferred to produce cooling at temperatures from 2∘C to [Formula: see text]C. A detailed parametric analysis of the proposed system is carried out. The results of the analysis show that the system can produce cooling at [Formula: see text]C using a low-temperature heat source at 133.5∘C with the exergy efficiency of about 20% without any input power. By increasing the heat source temperature to 160∘C, an exergy efficiency of 25% can be achieved.

A New Multidimensional Graph for the Einstein Refrigeration Cycle

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araceli Lara V. ◽  
David Sandoval C. ◽  
Juan Morales G. ◽  
Raymundo Lo´pez C. ◽  
Arturo Lizardi R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Multidimensional Representation ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes

An analysis of the exergy use in an Einstein refrigeration cycle is presented. The analysis is performed through the use of a new graphical multidimensional representation of the cycle. The Einstein refrigeration cycle works with ammonia, butane and water. These compounds are present in the cycle as several ammonia-water and ammonia-butane mixtures that have different compositions. In essence, the cycle transfers ammonia from an ammonia-water mixture to an ammoniabutane mixture in a series of processes and then it transfers ammonia back again to an ammonia-water mixture in another series of processes. The ammonia transfers involve heat absorptions and heat rejections that have as an effect the transfer of heat from a low temperature reservoir to a high temperature reservoir. The aforementioned multidimensional graph was built with equilibrium data of the ammonia-water and ammonia-butane binary systems for a 4 bar pressure and a 240 K to 350 K temperature range. The graphical representation is multidimensional because it shows in one graph values of concentration, temperature, enthalpy, entropy and exergy for ammonia-water mixtures and ammonia-butane mixtures. The thermodynamic states of all the process currents present in the cycle are showed in the graph, as well as are the different thermodynamic processes of the cycle. The exergy destruction rate of each device is clearly represented. The usefulness of this graph is similar to that of the T-s graph for a Rankine cycle.

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