Environmental Aspects of a 10 MW Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Burning Coke Oven Gas With a Hydrogen Content of 60%

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Becker ◽  
M. Perkavec
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Coke Oven Gas ◽  
Coking Plant

In a coking plant in which coal tar is processed coke oven gas occurs as a waste product. Coke oven gas can be used as an alternative fuel for a gas turbine, instead of natural gas, if it meets the local environmental regulations. As a result of higher flame temperature of coke oven gas caused by the hydrogen content, the NOx emission of a gas turbine burning coke oven gas is higher than in case of natural gas. In Germany a 10 MW gas fired gas turbine has to meet a NOx emission limit of 150 mg/Nm3 @ 15% O2 dry. To reach this goal in case of MS 3002, which is installed in the coking plant as reported in previous ASME paper, steam injection is necessary. NOx- and CO-emissions of a gas turbine are difficult to be predicted by calculation, therefore measurements had to be done to see how good the predictions were, that were made in face of the local regulations. This paper deals with the NOx- and CO-emissions of a coke oven gas fired gas turbine with and without steam injection in difference to natural gas fired gas turbine. It shows also significantly lower CO2-emissions, because coke oven gas contains less hydrocarbon which is a great benefit for the greenhouse problem. It illustrates the effect of power augmentation and discusses the different thermal efficiency with steam injection. This paper gives a short glance to the effects which influence the emissions, so that the specific problems caused by burning coke oven gas can be understood.

Atmospheric Tests of a Full Scale Gas Turbine Burner Fed With Blast Furnace Gas and Coke Oven Gas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Bertolotto ◽  
Alberto Amato ◽  
Li Guoqiang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Coke Oven Gas ◽  
Stability Range ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Inlet Conditions

Abstract The present paper describes atmospheric experimental tests of a new Ansaldo Energia full scale burner which was designed to burn fuels byproduct of steel making processes (mixtures of Blast-Furnace Gas (BFG) and Coke-Oven Gas (COG)), characterized by very low heating values (LHV∼2–3.5 MJ/kg) and very low stoichiometric air/fuel ratios (∼0.5–1 kg/kg). In particular, flame stability and blow-out margins were assessed for different burner variants and fuel compositions such as pure BFG, blends of BFG with increasing content of COG, and also a synthetic mixture of natural gas, hydrogen and nitrogen (NG/H2/N2). Except for pressure, all burner inlet conditions were simulated as in the actual gas turbine engine. The best performing burner among those tested demonstrated an excellent burning stability behavior over a wide operating range and stably burned pure BFG without any supplementary fuel. Furthermore, considering that in most operating concepts gas turbine engines for Ultra-Low BTU applications require a back-up fuel (such as oil, propane or natural gas) to ignite and ramp up or to perform load-rejections, the present atmospheric tests also assessed maneuvers to switch from natural gas operation to syngas operation. Also in this type of dual-fuel operation the burner demonstrated a wide flame stability range.

Operating Experience of Ansaldo V94.2 K Gas Turbine Fed by Steelworks Gas

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Bonzani ◽  
Giacomo Pollarolo ◽  
Franco Rocca
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Coke Oven Gas ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

ANSALDO ENERGIA S.p.A. has been commissioned by ELETTRA GLT S.p.A, a company located in Trieste, Italy for the realisation of a combined cycle plant where all the main components (gas turbine, steam turbine, generator and heat recovery steam generator) are provided by ANSALDO ENERGIA. The total power output of the plant is 180 MW. The gas turbine is a V94.2 K model gas turbine dual fuel (natural gas and steelworks process gas), where the fuel used as main fuel is composed by a mixture of natural gas, blast furnace gas and coke oven gas in variable proportions according to the different working conditions of the steel work plant. The main features adopted to burn such a kind of variability of fuels are reported below: • fuel as by product of steel making factory gas (coke oven gas “COG”, blast furnace gas “BFG”) with natural gas integration; • modified compressor from standard V94.2, since no air extraction is foreseen; • dual fuel burner realised based on Siemens design. This paper describes the operating experience achieved on the gas turbine, focusing on the main critical aspect to be overcome and on to the test results during the commissioning and the early operating phase. The successful performances carried out have been showing a high flexibility in burning with stable combustion a very different fuel compositions with low emissions measured all operating conditions.

Experimental and Numerical Characterization of Lean Hydrogen Combustion in a Premix Burner Prototype

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iarno Brunetti ◽  
Giovanni Riccio ◽  
Nicola Rossi ◽  
Alessandro Cappelletti ◽  
Lucia Bonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Lean Premixed

The use of hydrogen as derived fuel for low emission gas turbine is a crucial issue of clean coal technology power plant based on IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) technology. Control of NOx emissions in gas turbines supplied by natural gas is effectively achieved by lean premixed combustion technology; conversely, its application to NOx emission reduction in high hydrogen content fuels is not a reliable practice yet. Since the hydrogen premixed flame is featured by considerably higher flame speed than natural gas, very high air velocity values are required to prevent flash-back phenomena, with obvious negative repercussions on combustor pressure drop. In this context, the characterization of hydrogen lean premixed combustion via experimental and modeling analysis has a special interest for the development of hydrogen low NOx combustors. This paper describes the experimental and numerical investigations carried-out on a lean premixed burner prototype supplied by methane-hydrogen mixture with an hydrogen content up to 100%. The experimental activities were performed with the aim to collect practical data about the effect of the hydrogen content in the fuel on combustion parameters as: air velocity flash-back limit, heat release distribution, NOx emissions. This preliminary data set represents the starting point for a more ambitious project which foresees the upgrading of the hydrogen gas turbine combustor installed by ENEL in Fusina (Italy). The same data will be used also for building a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model usable for assisting the design of the upgraded combustor. Starting from an existing heavy-duty gas turbine burner, a burner prototype was designed by means of CFD modeling and hot-wire measurements. The geometry of the new premixer was defined in order to control turbulent phenomena that could promote the flame moving-back into the duct, to increase the premixer outlet velocity and to produce a stable central recirculation zone in front of the burner. The burner prototype was then investigated during a test campaign performed at the ENEL’s TAO test facility in Livorno (Italy) which allows combustion test at atmospheric pressure with application of optical diagnostic techniques. In-flame temperature profiles, pollutant emissions and OH* chemiluminescence were measured over a wide range of the main operating parameters for three fuels with different hydrogen content (0, 75% and 100% by vol.). Flame control on burner prototype fired by pure hydrogen was achieved by managing both the premixing degree and the air discharge velocity, affecting the NOx emissions and combustor pressure losses respectively. A CFD model of the above-mentioned combustion test rig was developed with the aim to validate the model prediction capabilities and to help the experimental data analysis. Detailed simulations, performed by a CFD 3-D RANS commercial code, were focused on air/fuel mixing process, temperature field, flame position and NOx emission estimation.

Full Scale Testing of a Low Swirl Fuel Injector Concept for Ultra-Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustion Systems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Nazeer ◽  
Kenneth Smith ◽  
Patrick Sheppard ◽  
Robert Cheng ◽  
David Littlejohn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Pressure Oscillation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Annular Combustor ◽  
Swirl Injector ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion

The continued development of a low swirl injector for ultra-low NOx gas turbine applications is described. An injector prototype for natural gas operation has been designed, fabricated and tested. The target application is an annular gas turbine combustion system requiring twelve injectors. High pressure rig test results for a single injector prototype are presented. On natural gas, ultra-low NOx emissions were achieved along with low CO. A turndown of approximately 100°F in flame temperature was possible before CO emissions increased significantly. Subsequently, a set of injectors was evaluated at atmospheric pressure using a production annular combustor. Rig testing again demonstrated the ultra-low NOx capability of the injectors on natural gas. An engine test of the injectors will be required to establish the transient performance of the combustion system and to assess any combustor pressure oscillation issues.

Aeroderivative Power Generation With Coke Oven Gas

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dicampli ◽  
Luis Madrigal ◽  
Patrick Pastecki ◽  
Joe Schornick
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Coke Oven Gas ◽  
Methanol Production

A major environmental concern associated with integrated steel mills is the pollution produced in the manufacture of coke, an essential intermediate product in the reduction of iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke is produced by driving off the volatile constituents of the coal—including water, coke oven gas, and coal-tar—by baking the coal in an airless furnace at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Celsius. This fuses together the fixed carbon and residual ash. The coke oven gas (COG) byproduct, a combustible hydrogen and hydrocarbon gas mix, may be flared, recycled to heat the coal, or cleaned to be used as a fuel source to generate energy or used to produce methanol. There are several inherent problems with COG as a fuel for power generation, notably contaminants that would not be found in pipeline natural gas or distillate fuels. Tar, a by-product of burning coal, is plentiful in COG and can be detrimental to gas turbine hot gas path components. Particulates, in the form of dust particles, are another nuisance contaminant that can shorten the life of the gas turbine’s hot section via erosion and plugging of internal cooling holes. China, the world’s largest steel producing country, has approximately 1,000 coke plants producing 200MT/year of COG. GE Energy has entered into the low British thermal unit (BTU) gases segment in China with an order from Henan Liyuan Coking Co., Ltd. The gas turbines will burn 100% coke oven gas, which will help the Liyuan Coking Plant reduce emissions and convert low BTU gas to power efficiently. This paper will detail the technical challenges and solutions for utilization of COG in an aeroderivative gas turbine, including operational experience. Additionally, it will evaluate the economic returns of gas turbine compared to steam turbine power generation or methanol production.

Reduction Behavior of Iron Ore Pellets with Simulated Coke Oven Gas and Natural Gas

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1085-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed A. Mousa ◽  
Alexander Babich ◽  
Dieter Senk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Coke Oven Gas ◽  
Reduction Behavior ◽  
Iron Ore Pellets ◽  
Ore Pellets

scholarly journals Simulation of Producer Gas Fired Power Plants with Inlet Fog Cooling and Steam Injection

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun Roy Yap ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Cycle Systems

Biomass can be converted to energy via direct combustion or thermochemical conversion to liquid or gas fuels. This study focuses on burning producer gases derived from gasifying biomass wastes to produce power. Since the producer gases are usually of low calorific values (LCV), power plant performance under various operating conditions has not yet been proven. In this study, system performance calculations are conducted for 5MWe power plants. The power plants considered include simple gas turbine systems, steam turbine systems, combined cycle systems, and steam injection gas turbine systems using the producer gas with low calorific values at approximately 30% and 15% of the natural gas heating value (on a mass basis). The LCV fuels are shown to impose high compressor back pressure and produce increased power output due to increased fuel flow. Turbine nozzle throat area is adjusted to accommodate additional fuel flows to allow the compressor to operate within safety margin. The best performance occurs when the designed pressure ratio is maintained by widening nozzle openings, even though the turbine inlet pressure is reduced under this adjustment. Power augmentations under four different ambient conditions are calculated by employing gas turbine inlet fog cooling. Comparison between inlet fog cooling and steam injection using the same amount of water mass flow indicates that steam injection is less effective than inlet fog cooling in augmenting power output. Maximizing steam injection, at the expense of supplying the steam to the steam turbine, significantly reduces both the efficiency and the output power of the combined cycle. This study indicates that the performance of gas turbine and combined cycle systems fueled by the LCV fuels could be very different from the familiar behavior of natural gas fired systems. Care must be taken if on-shelf gas turbines are modified to burn LCV fuels.

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