Structural Fire Modeling With the Zone Method

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Jin Kim ◽  
David G. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Fire Modeling ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Structural Fire ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Zone Modeling ◽  
Structural Fires ◽  
In Fire

The development of the fire analytical modeling has accelerated over the last 30 years. As a result, fire modeling can often be used to appraise the effectiveness of the protective measures proposed when one designs a building. Fire behavior is extremely important in fire protection engineering and building design engineering. The ultimate goal of modeling studies is to improve scientific and technical understanding of fire behavior leading to flashover in structural fires. The zone modeling approach to multi-room structural fire modeling is emphasized in this study. This paper also summarizes the theory and methodology of the CFAST (Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport) model, and its simpler variant the FASTLite model, which are zone type approaches being widely used by the authors. Studies of this type assist in the understanding of structural fires, and the development of computer modeling studies, and assessment of their predictive capability.

Structural Fire Calculations

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Fire Growth ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Structural Fire ◽  
Structural Fire Behavior ◽  
Structural Fires

Abstract Information and calculations are given for estimating fire growth in structural fires. Heat release rates from flames, fire growth, ignition of nearby items, and the possibility of flashover are all topics of concern. Empirical equations are given and calculations are exhibited to illustrated these aspects of structural fire behavior.

Review of Basic Models in Fire Dynamics

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Jin Kim ◽  
David G. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Burning Rates ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Structural Fires ◽  
In Fire

Abstract The ultimate goal of this study is to improve scientific understanding of fire behavior leading to flashover in structural fires. This document summarizes important information in five topic areas: burning rates, radiant ignition, fire spread rates, ventilation limit imposed by size of opening, and flashover criteria. These are the main components related to the scientific understanding of the fire growth and flashover problem involved in real-world structural fires. Within each topic area, there are four subsections dealing with background, theory, comments, and references. Main components of the study are to develop improved mathematical simulations so as to improve the accuracy of theoretical calculation and to develop and extend the range of knowledge and modeling capability so as to extend the range of available experimental data.

A Comparison of Flashover Theories

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Jin Kim ◽  
David G. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Growth ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Structural Fires ◽  
In Fire

Abstract In structural fires, flashover is characterized by the rapid transition in fire behavior from localized burning of fuel to the involvement of all combustibles in the enclosure. Major parameters affecting flashover are fire growth rate, ventilation opening area, and room area. A comparison of flashover theories is undertaken using the Thomas, Babrauskas and the FASTLite theories, concentrating on the similarities and differences between the theories in their assessment of the major parameters affecting flashover.

Basic Models in Fire Development

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Jin Kim ◽  
David G. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Mathematical Simulations ◽  
Burning Rates ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Structural Fires ◽  
In Fire

Abstract The ultimate goal of this study is to improve scientific understanding of fire behavior leading to flashover in structural fires. This document summarizes important information in five topic areas: burning rates, radiant ignition, fire spread rates, ventilation limit imposed by size of opening, and flashover criteria. These are the main components related to the scientific understanding of the fire growth and flashover problem involved in real-world structural fires. Within each topic area, there are four subsections dealing with background, theory, comments, and references. Main components of the study are to develop improved mathematical simulations so as to improve the accuracy of theoretical calculation and to develop and extend the range of knowledge and modeling capability so as to extend the range of available experimental data.

Accuracy of the Three-Room Simulation of a Ten-Room Large House Fire

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Jin Kim ◽  
David G. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Structural Fire ◽  
Local Point ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Actual Fire ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
Structural Fires ◽  
Large House

Calculations (with a 10-room and a simpler 3-room simulation of the large house fire) of temperature and smoke levels in several rooms of a structural fire are possible with the CFAST computer code. The accuracy and applicability of the results is greatly enhanced though the comparison of the calculations with experimental data. Experimental work thereby assists in understanding fire behavior in structural fires. Temperature measurements at different locations during a house fire provide necessary data for the development of mathematical models, which attempt to simulate the fire on a computer. In this paper, a large 170 square meter single-level house was subject to a complete experimental burn, with temperature measurements and fire observations during the entire burn, and subsequent modeling via a detailed 10-room simulation and a simpler 3-room simulation. The CFAST (Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport) computer code is used to calculate temperatures and smoke levels in the various rooms of the house during the burn (with 10 different rooms). Four fire scenarios are considered in the simulation, with increasing realism regarding the actual fire specification. A simpler calculation (with 3 different rooms) has also done to see if the similar results would be shown with the 10-room simulation. It was found that results for smoke temperature and smoke layer heights were very similar, leading to the conclusion that a 3-room simulation of a 10-room building gives adequate modeling capability of the real structural fire. Computation results give the expected trends (deduced from local point temperature measurements) of initial temperature surge and decay, peak and leveling off temperatures, especially with respect to the northwest bedroom with a closed door. The effect of whether a door of a room would have been open was investigated computationally, with results illustrating far more dangerous smoke temperature and smoke level in the room when its door is open.

Flashover and instabilities in fire behavior

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Thomas ◽  
M.L. Bullen ◽  
J.G. Quintiere ◽  
B.J. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
In Fire

Changes in fire behavior caused by fire exclusion and fuel build-up vary with topography in California montane forests, USA

2022 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 114255
Author(s):  
Catherine Airey-Lauvaux ◽  
Andrew D. Pierce ◽  
Carl N. Skinner ◽  
Alan H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Fire Exclusion ◽  
In Fire

Numerical Analysis of Fire Behavior of a Large Space Pre-Stressed Steel Structure under Fire

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3729-3732
Author(s):  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Zhi Guo Xie ◽  
Xin Tang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Fire Source ◽  
Lattice Shell ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Influence Degree

The computational model of numerical analysis of a suspended pre-stressed steel reticulated shell subjected to fire load is established with using the software Marc. Based on the model presented here, numerical analysis of thermal response and structural response of the pre-stressed steel structure are computed. The different space height and different rise-span ratio are considered for analysis of response temperature, displacements and stresses of the pre-stressed lattice shell under fire for one fire source. It is also shown that displacement of the node right above the inner cable is the maximum among the four nodes presented here as the fire source is located at the position right below the second-ring cable of the structure. It is concluded that the influence degree of space height of the structure on the fire response of the structure is not great, but rise-span ratio has obvious and great effect on displacements and stresses of the pre-stressed steel structure with large span in fire.

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