Characterization of Salt Hydrates for Compact Seasonal Thermochemical Storage

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. van Essen ◽  
J. Cot Gores ◽  
L. P. J. Bleijendaal ◽  
H. A. Zondag ◽  
R. Schuitema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Salt Hydrates ◽  
Seasonal Heat

This paper describes the characterization of four salt hydrates as potential thermochemical material for compact seasonal heat storage in the built environment. First, magnesium sulfate was investigated in detail using TG-DSC apparatus. The results of this study revealed that magnesium sulfate is able to store almost 10 times more energy than water of the same volume. However, the material was unable to take up water (and release heat) under practical conditions. A new theoretical study identified three salt hydrates besides magnesium sulfate as promising materials for compact seasonal heat storage: aluminum sulfate, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride. These salt hydrates (including magnesium sulfate) were tested in a newly constructed experimental setup. Based on the observed temperature lift under practical conditions, it was found that magnesium chloride was the most promising material of the four tested salt hydrates. However, both calcium chloride and magnesium chloride tend to form a gel-like material due to melting or formation of a solution. This effect is undesired since it reduces the ability of the material to take up water again. Finally, it was observed that performing the hydration at low-pressure will improve the water vapor transport in comparison to atmospheric pressure hydration.

scholarly journals Characterization of MgSO4 Hydrate for Thermochemical Seasonal Heat Storage

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. van Essen ◽  
H. A. Zondag ◽  
J. Cot Gores ◽  
L. P. J. Bleijendaal ◽  
M. Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Salt Hydrates ◽  
Seasonal Heat

Water vapor sorption in salt hydrates is one of the most promising means for compact, low loss, and long-term storage of solar heat in the built environment. One of the most interesting salt hydrates for compact seasonal heat storage is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4⋅7H2O). This paper describes the characterization of MgSO4⋅7H2O to examine its suitability for application in a seasonal heat storage system for the built environment. Both charging (dehydration) and discharging (hydration) behaviors of the material were studied using thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, particle distribution measurements, and scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that MgSO4⋅7H2O can be dehydrated at temperatures below 150°C, which can be reached by a medium temperature (vacuum tube) collector. Additionally, the material was able to store 2.2 GJ/m3, almost nine times more energy than can be stored in water as sensible heat. On the other hand, the experimental results indicate that the release of the stored heat is more difficult. The amount of water taken up and the energy released by the material turned out to be strongly dependent on the water vapor pressure, temperature, and the total system pressure. The results of this study indicate that the application of MgSO4⋅7H2O at atmospheric pressure is problematic for a heat storage system where heat is released above 40°C using a water vapor pressure of 1.3 kPa. However, first experiments performed in a closed system at low pressure indicate that a small amount of heat can be released at 50°C and a water vapor pressure of 1.3 kPa. If a heat storage system has to operate at atmospheric pressure, then the application of MgSO4⋅7H2O for seasonal heat storage is possible for space heating operating at 25°C and a water vapor pressure of 2.1 kPa.

scholarly journals Reactive force field development for magnesium chloride hydrates and its application for seasonal heat storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 15838-15847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Deep Pathak ◽  
Silvia Nedea ◽  
Adri C. T. van Duin ◽  
Herbert Zondag ◽  
Camilo Rindt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Field ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Reactive Force ◽  
Reactive Force Field ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Force Field Development ◽  
Seasonal Heat

We present the development of the ReaxFF of MgCl2 hydrates and its application for seasonal heat storage. This study, indicate the validity of the ReaxFF approach for studying MgCl2 hydrates and provide important atomistic-scale insight of reaction kinetics and H2O transport.

scholarly journals A DFT-based comparative equilibrium study of thermal dehydration and hydrolysis of CaCl2 hydrates and MgCl2 hydrates for seasonal heat storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 10059-10069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Deep Pathak ◽  
Silvia Nedea ◽  
Herbert Zondag ◽  
Camilo Rindt ◽  
David Smeulders
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Thermal Dehydration ◽  
Equilibrium Study ◽  
Salt Hydrates ◽  
Seasonal Heat ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

An equilibrium based comparative study of CaCl2 and MgCl2 hydrates reveals that CaCl2 hydrates have better resistance against hydrolysis compared to MgCl2 hydrates; therefore it can improve the durability of chloride based salt hydrates.

scholarly journals A review of salt hydrates for seasonal heat storage in domestic applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A.J. Donkers ◽  
L.C. Sögütoglu ◽  
H.P. Huinink ◽  
H.R. Fischer ◽  
O.C.G. Adan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Storage ◽  
Salt Hydrates ◽  
Seasonal Heat

Experimental and in silico characterization of xylitol as seasonal heat storage material

2017 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaichen Zhang ◽  
Marie Duquesne ◽  
Alexandre Godin ◽  
Sophia Niedermaier ◽  
Elena Palomo del Barrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Storage Material ◽  
Heat Storage Material ◽  
Seasonal Heat ◽  
In Silico Characterization
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