Coupled Dynamics of a Solid Piercing a Fluid Free Surface
This paper reports on numerical investigations of the dynamics of a moving sphere interacting with free surface flow in a three-dimensional, rectangular, confined channel. Each simulation consists of two phases. During the first phase, the sphere is fixed and the fluid flow around it is allowed to reach a stationary state. In the second phase, the sphere is allowed to oscillate vertically. The Froude number is shown to influence the dynamics of the sphere. Also, the influence of three different initial positions on the dynamics of the sphere are presented and discussed. The first initial condition corresponds to a surface-piercing sphere while the second and the third conditions correspond to a submerged sphere at two different depths beneath the free surface. The drag coefficient computed for the two initial conditions involving a fully submerged sphere is compared with the experimental (published) values for a sphere in an unbounded domain. The motion of the fluid flow around the moving solid body is based on the solution of the complete Navier-Stokes equations. The free surface deformation is solved by the use of an Eulerian-Lagrangian Marker and Micro Cell (ELMMC) method.