Modeling and Design of a Series Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain for Compact Wheel Loaders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunya Wen ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Bing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Speed Control ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Wheel Loader ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Wheel Loaders ◽  
Hydraulic Accumulator

As an effective approach to improving the fuel economy of modern heavy-duty vehicles, hydraulic hybrids have shown great advantages in off-road vehicles. Wheel loader is one of the representative vehicles in off-road applications as they are usually designed for single and repetitive task such as loading material. In a typical short loading cycle, there are many accelerations and decelerations, showing great hybridization potentials. Therefore in this paper a series hydraulic hybrid powertrain has been proposed for compact wheel loader since its hydrostatic powertrain can be easily transformed to a series hydraulic hybrid with an additional hydraulic accumulator. The modeling and system design of the series hydraulic hybrid wheel loader have been presented. Three controllers have been designed for vehicle speed control, engine torque control and engine speed control respectively. A dynamic simulation model has been developed in MATLAB/Simulink. A rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) has been proposed for the series hydraulic hybrid wheel loader. Two different EMS schemes were investigated and compared through simulation studies.

Investigation on the Energy Management Strategy for Hydraulic Hybrid Wheel Loaders

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Mohd Azrin Mohd Zulkefli ◽  
Zongxuan Sun ◽  
Kim A. Stelson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Wheel Loader ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Wheel Loaders

Energy management strategies for a hydraulic hybrid wheel loader are studied in this paper. The architecture of the hydraulic hybrid wheel loader is first presented and the differences of the powertrain and the energy management system between on-road vehicles and wheel loaders are identified. Unlike the on-road vehicles where the engine only powers the drivetrain, the engine in a wheel loader powers both the drivetrain and the working hydraulic system. In a non-hybrid wheel loader, the two sub-systems interfere with each other since they share the same engine shaft. By using a power split drivetrain, it not only allows for optimal engine operation and regenerative braking, but also eliminates interferences between driving and working functions, which improve the productivity, fuel efficiency and operability of the wheel loader. An energy management strategy (EMS) based on dynamic programming (DP) is designed to optimize the operation of both the power split drivetrain and the working hydraulic system. A short loading cycle is selected as the duty cycle. The EMS based on DP is compared with a rule-based strategy through simulation.

Power Optimization of Series Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain for Compact Wheel Loader

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunya Wen ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Zongxuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Power Optimization ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Wheel Loader ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy

Abstract As an effective approach to improving the fuel economy of heavy duty vehicles, hydraulic hybrid has shown great potentials in off-road applications. Although the fuel economy improvement is achieved through different hybrid architectures (parallel, series and power split), the energy management strategy is still the key to hydraulic hybrid powertrain. Different optimization methods provide powerful tools for energy management strategy of hybrid powertrain. In this paper a power optimization method based on equivalent consumption minimization strategy has been proposed for a series hydraulic hybrid wheel loader. To show the fuel saving potential of the proposed strategy, the fuel consumption of the hydraulic hybrid wheel loader with equivalent consumption minimization strategy was investigated and compared with the system with a rule-based strategy. The parameter study of the equivalent consumption minimization strategy has also been conducted.

Influence of Hydraulic Accumulator Performance on the Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Kim A. Stelson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Wheel Loader ◽  
Accumulator Model ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hydraulic Accumulator ◽  
Accumulator Models

Abstract Owing to its high power density, hydraulic hybrid is considered as an effective approach to reducing the fuel consumption of heavy duty vehicles. A gas-charged hydraulic accumulator serves as the power buffer, storing and releasing hydraulic power through gas. An accurate hydraulic accumulator model is crucial to predict its actual performance. There are two widely used accumulator models: isothermal and adiabatic models. Neither of these models are practical to reflect its real performance in the hydraulic hybrid system. Therefore, the influence of an accumulator model considering thermal hysteresis on a hydraulic hybrid wheel loader has been studied in this paper. The difference of three accumulator models (isothermal, adiabatic and energy balance) has been identified. A dynamic simulation model of the hydraulic hybrid wheel loader has been developed. The fuel consumptions of the hydraulic hybrid wheel loader with three accumulator models has been compared. The influence of heat transfer coefficient of the accumulator housing has also been studied.

Online optimization of Pontryagin’s minimum principle for a series hydraulic hybrid wheel loader

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110398
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Zongxuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Minimum Principle ◽  
Pontryagin’S Minimum Principle ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Wheel Loader ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Pontryagin's Minimum Principle

The hydraulic hybrid powertrain has great potential for reducing fuel consumption and emission of off-road vehicles. The energy management strategy is the key to hybrid powertrain and currently there are many well-developed strategies. Of which the Pontryagin’s minimum principle is of research interest since it is a global optimization method while less computational burden than dynamic programming. However, it requires full cycle information to calculate co-state value in the principle, making it not implementable. Therefore in this study an implementable Pontryagin’s minimum principle is proposed for a series hybrid wheel loader, where the optimal co-state value in the principle is trained through repetitive wheel loader duty cycle. The Pontryagin’s minimum principle formulations of hybrid wheel loader are developed. The online co-state training algorithm is presented. A dynamic simulation model of hybrid wheel loader is developed. The fuel consumption of hybrid wheel loader with proposed strategy is compared with dynamic programming strategy and rule-based strategy in wheel loader long and short loading cycles. Results show the fuel consumption with proposed strategy is close to dynamic programming result and is lower than rule-based strategy. Finally, the influence of pressure level of hybrid powertrain on vehicle fuel consumption is studied.

Modeling and Design of a Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain for Passenger Vehicle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxiang Zhang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Kim A. Stelson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Hydraulic Accumulator ◽  
Pressure Controlled

A hydraulic hybrid powertrain for passenger vehicle is studied in this paper. The hydraulic hybrid powertrain consists of a hydro-mechanical transmission and a hydraulic accumulator. The key component of this hydro-mechanical transmission is a pressure-controlled hydraulic transmission. It combines pumping and motoring function in one unit and is potentially more competitive in terms of both energy efficiency and cost effectiveness than a conventional hydrostatic transmission. By feeding the output flow of the pressure-controlled hydraulic transmission to a variable displacement motor coupled to the transmission output shaft, a more compact and simpler hydro-mechanical transmission is constituted. In this paper the systematic approach of applying the hydraulic hybrid powertrain to a passenger vehicle is studied. A dynamic simulation model is developed in Simulink and the U.S. EPA’s urban cycle is used as the test driving cycle. A rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) for the hydraulic hybrid powertrain has also been developed. The system parameter design, controller design and the energy management strategy are evaluated through simulation.

Predictive Energy Management for Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Passenger Vehicle

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy O. Deppen ◽  
Andrew G. Alleyne ◽  
Kim A. Stelson ◽  
Jonathan J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Transfer Energy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle

In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC) approach is presented for solving the energy management problem in a parallel hydraulic hybrid vehicle. The hydraulic hybrid vehicle uses variable displacement pump/motors to transfer energy between the mechanical and hydraulic domains and a high pressure accumulator for energy storage. A model of the parallel hydraulic hybrid powertrain is presented which utilizes the Simscape/Simhydraulics toolboxes of Matlab. These toolboxes allow for a concise description of the relevant powertrain dynamics. The proposed MPC regulates the engine torque and pump/motor displacement in order to track a desired velocity profile while maintaining desired engine conditions. In addition, logic is applied to the MPC to prevent high frequency cycling of the engine. Simulation results demonstrate the capability of the proposed control strategy to track both a desired engine torque and vehicle velocity.

Optimal Energy Use in a Light Weight Hydraulic Hybrid Passenger Vehicle

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy O. Deppen ◽  
Andrew G. Alleyne ◽  
Kim A. Stelson ◽  
Jonathan J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid

In this study we present a procedure for the design and implementation of a control strategy to optimize energy use within a light weight hydraulic hybrid passenger vehicle. The hydraulic hybrid utilizes a high pressure accumulator for energy storage which has superior power density than conventional battery technology. This makes fluid power attractive for urban driving applications in which there are frequent starts and stops and large startup power demands. A dynamic model of a series hydraulic hybrid powertrain is presented along with the design of a model predictive control based energy management strategy. Model predictive control was chosen for this study because it uses no future information about the drive cycle in its design. This increases the flexibility of the controller allowing it to be directly applied to a variety of drive cycles. Using the model predictive framework, a holistic view of the powertrain was taken in the design of the control strategy, and the impact of each actuator’s efficiency on overall efficiency was evaluated. A hardware-in-the-loop experiment using an electro-hydraulic powertrain testbed was then used to validate the dynamic model and control performance. Through a simulation study in which each actuator’s efficiency was given varying levels of priority in the objective function, it was found that overall system efficiency could be improved by allowing for small sacrifices in individual component performance. In fact, the conventional wisdom of using the additional degrees of freedom within a hybrid powertrain to optimize engine efficiency was found to yield the lowest overall powertrain efficiency. In this work we present a rigorous framework for the design of an energy management strategy. The design method improves the powertrain’s operational efficiency by finding the best balance between optimizing individual component efficiencies. Furthermore, since the design of the control strategy is built upon an analysis of individual components, it can be readily extended to other architectures employing different actuators.

scholarly journals Design and validation of a novel hydraulic hybrid vehicle with wheel motors

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685041987802
Author(s):  
Haicheng Zhou ◽  
Zhaoping Xu ◽  
Liang Liu ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Lingling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle

With strong demands of energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles, hydraulic hybrid powertrain is a suitable solution for urban transportation. This article proposes a novel hydraulic hybrid vehicle with wheel motors to improve vehicle power performance and fuel economy. A forward-looking simulation model of the vehicle is built. System parameters are determined according to the power performance demands. A smaller engine is chosen, the peak power of which is reduced by 11.96%. The simulation model is calibrated and verified by experimental tests on the designed test bench. Parameterized simulation results indicate that the acceleration time 0–100 km/h of the designed vehicle is decreased by 36.3% from 19.63 to 12.5 s compared with the conventional vehicle. The maximum vehicle speed is 140 km/h, and the maximum gradeability is 29%. When the engine works in economy mode, fuel consumption is decreased by 35.59% from 15 to 9.66 L per 100 km on the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule cycle compared with the conventional vehicle.

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